Metathetic copper concentrate enrichment
In one aspect, the invention provides processes for producing an enriched copper concentrate from a copper-and-nickel-containing ore. Processes of the invention may include an initial step of comminuting the ore, to provide a ground ore comprising copper minerals and nickel minerals. The ground ore may be subjected to a floatation process, to separate the ground ore into distinct fractions, such as first and second concentrates. A first concentrate may for example be made up of copper-enriched-and-nickel-containing solids, while a second concentrate is made up of nickel-enriched-and-copper-containing solids. The floatation process may for example fractionate the ore so that the concentration of copper minerals is higher in the first concentrate than in the ore, and the concentration of the nickel minerals is higher in the second concentrate than the ore.
1. A process for producing an enriched copper concentrate and precious metals from a copper-and-nickel-containing ore having precious metal values, the process comprising:
comminuting the ore to provide a ground ore comprising copper minerals and nickel minerals;
subjecting the ground ore to a floatation process, to separate the ground ore into a first concentrate comprising a concentration of copper-enriched-and-nickel-containing solids and a second concentrate comprising a concentration of nickel-enriched-and-copper-containing solids, wherein the concentration of the copper minerals is higher in the first concentrate than in the ore and the concentration of the nickel minerals is higher in the second concentrate than the ore;
subjecting the second concentrate to a hydrometallurgical extraction, to extract a copper-containing leachate from the second concentrate; wherein the hydrometallurgical extraction comprises pressure oxidation in the presence of a halide salt to dissolve copper and nickel as soluble metal sulphate salts and precious metals as chloro-complexed species;
recovering the precious metals from the copper-containing leachate; and,
exposing the first concentrate to the copper-containing leachate under metathetic leaching conditions that are effective to increase the concentration of copper, and decrease the concentration of nickel, in the copper-enriched-and-nickel-containing solids, to provide the enriched copper concentrate.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the copper mineral and nickel minerals are selected from the group consisting of: CuS, covellite; Cu9S8 (Cu1.12S), yarrowite; Cu39S28 (Cu1.39S) spionkopite; Cu8S5 (Cu1.6S), geerite; Cu7S4 (Cu1.75S), anilite; Cu9S5 (Cu1.8S), digenite; Cu31S16 (Cu1.96S), djurleite; Cu2S, chalcocite; CuFeS2, Chalcopyrite; Cu5FeS4, Bornite; CuFe2S3, Cubanite; Ni3S4, Polydymite; NiS, Millerite; Ni3S2, Heazelwoodite; FeNi2S4, Violarite; Ni4.5Fe4.5S8, Pentlandite; Fe(Ni)7S8, Nickeliferrous; and Pyrrhotite.
3. The process of claims 1 or 2 , wherein the precious metals are recovered by precipitation with a reduced sulfide mineral.
4. The process of claims 1 or 2 , wherein the precious metals are selected from the group consisting of: Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os and Ag.
5. The process of any one of claims 1 or 2 , wherein the comminuting results in an average particle size of the copper-enriched-and-nickel-containing solids subjected to the metathetic leaching conditions is less than 100 μm.
6. The process of any one of claims 1 or 2 , wherein the comminuting results in an average particle size of the copper-enriched-and-nickel-containing solids subjected to the metathetic leaching conditions is in the range of 5-30 μm.
7. The process of any one of claims 1 or 2 , wherein the metathetic leaching conditions comprise an average temperature in the range of ambient temperature to boiling point.
8. The process of any one of claims 1 or 2 , wherein the metathetic leaching conditions comprise an average temperature above boiling point.
9. The process of any one of claims 1 or 2 , wherein the metathetic leaching conditions are maintained for a metathetic leaching time in the range of 2 to 12 hours.