Solid electrolytic capacitor containing an improved manganese oxide electrolyte
A solid electrolytic capacitor that contains an anode body formed from an electrically conductive powder and a dielectric coating located over and/or within the anode body is provided. The powder may have a high specific charge and in turn a relative dense packing configuration. Despite being formed from such a powder, a manganese precursor solution can be readily impregnated into the pores of the anode. This is accomplished, in part, through the use of a dispersant in the precursor solution that helps minimize the likelihood that the manganese oxide precursor will form droplets upon contacting the surface of the dielectric. Instead, the precursor solution can be better dispersed so that the resulting manganese oxide has a “film-like” configuration and coats at least a portion of the anode in a substantially uniform manner.
1. A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising:
an anode body formed from a tantalum powder;
a dielectric that overlies the anode body; and
a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric, the solid electrolyte including a manganese oxide film that is formed from a colloidal suspension of nano-sized manganese oxide precursor particles, wherein the film coats at least a portion of the dielectric in a substantially uniform manner.
2. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the powder has a specific charge of about 70,000 μF*V/g or more.
3. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor exhibits an ESR of about 100 milliohms or less, at a frequency of 100 kHz.
4. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor exhibits a dry to wet capacitance percentage of about 90% or more.
5. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized particles have an average diameter of from about 0.1 to about 30 nanometers.
6. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the film is formed from a solution that contains a manganese oxide precursor and a dispersant.
7. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 6 , wherein the dispersant contains an organic compound having a hydrophilic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety, which is an aromatic or heteroatomic ring system having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
8. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 7 , wherein the hydrophilic moiety includes a sulfonate, phosphonate, carboxylate, thiol, sulfonate ester, phosphite, phosphonite, phosphinite, phosphate, sulfate, phosphate ester, sulfoxide, sulfone, amino, or a combination thereof.
9. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 7 , wherein the organic compound has the following structure, or a salt thereof:
wherein,
R 1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
R 2 is a hydrophilic moiety;
m is from m to 8;
p is from 1 to 8; and
n is from 1 to 100.
10. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 7 , wherein the compound is a salt of a condensed naphthalene sulfonic acid.
11. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 7 , wherein the molecular weight of the compound is about 6,000 grams per mole or less.
12. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 6 , wherein the manganese oxide precursor is manganese nitrate.
13. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 6 , wherein the ratio of the surface tension of water (at 20° C.) to the surface tension of the dispersant (at a concentration of 1 wt. % in water and at 20° C.) is from about 0.5 to about 2.0.
14. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 6 , wherein the surface tension of the dispersant (at a concentration of 1 wt. % in water and at 20° C.) is from about 50 to about 95 dynes per centimeter.
15. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the powder has a specific charge of from about 120,000 μF*V/g to about 250,000 μF*V/g.
16. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein 90% or more of the particles have an average diameter of from about 0.2 to about 10 nanometers.