Localized disinfection system for large water bodies

1. A method for controlling microbiological properties of a portion of water within a water body, comprising:

a. identifying a portion of water intended for recreational purposes within the water body, the portion of water comprising one or more zones wherein:

at least one zone is designated a sanitary compliance zone,

at least one zone is designated a delimiting zone, and

one zone is designated a most unfavorable zone, the most unfavorable zone corresponding to the zone that exhibits the lowest ORP value within the identified portion of water;

b. maintaining at least a minimum ORP level in the portion of water for at least a minimum period of time, wherein the minimum ORP level and the minimum period of time cannot be lower than the values calculated by:

i. determining salinity of the water at the most unfavorable zone; and

ii. determining the minimum ORP value based on the salinity of the water where:

for salinities in the water between 0% and up to 1.5% the minimum ORP level is 550 mV;

for salinities in the water higher than 1.5%, and up to 2.5%, the minimum ORP level is calculated by the following equation:

[Minimum ORP,mV]=625−50*[Salinity of the Water,%(Weight Percent)]; and

for salinities in the water higher than 2.5%, the minimum ORP level is 500 mV;

iii. determining the temperature of the water in the most unfavorable zone; and

iv. determining the minimum period of time based on the water temperature, wherein:

for water temperatures from 5° C. to 35° C., the minimum period of time is calculated by the following equation:

[Minimum period of time,min]=80−2*[Temperature of the water,° C.]; and

for water temperatures between 35° C. and up to 45° C., the minimum period of time is calculated by the following equation:

[Minimum period of time,min]=5*[Temperature of the water,° C.]−165;

c. dispensing an effective amount of chemical agent into the identified portion of water in order to maintain at least the minimum ORP level during at least the minimum period of time at the most unfavorable zone, and

d. repeating step c as needed to prevent the ORP in the most unfavorable zone from decreasing by more than 20% of the minimum ORP value.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating step b.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water body is a natural body of water.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water body is selected from the group consisting of a lake, sea, estuary, dam, lagoon, spa, pool, pond and reservoir.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water is fresh water.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion of water intended for recreational purposes is defined by the delimiting zone.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion of water intended for recreational purposes is located on an edge of the water body.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion of water intended for recreational purposes is located on the interior of the water body.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the most unfavorable zone presents the lowest ORP value within the portion of water intended for recreational purposes after dispensing chemical agent into the water.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein if the water body has a surface area smaller than 5 hectares, the most unfavorable zone is the central zone of the water body.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical agent is selected from the group consisting of ozone; chlorine and chlorine compounds; biguanide products; halogen-based compounds; bromine based compounds, and mixtures thereof.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical agent is dispensed by manual application or using a dispenser selected from the group consisting of an injector, diffusor, sprinkler, weight dispenser, piping, and combinations thereof.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ORP, the salinity, and the temperature of the water are determined by empirical methods.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying water from a different portion within the water body into the portion of water intended for recreational purposes in order to provide a dilution effect.

15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying water from different portion within the water body into the portion of water intended for recreational purposes in order to provide a dilution effect of bather's load of contaminants.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the minimum ORP level is maintained permanently in the sanitary compliance zone.

17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying the method to the portion of water when bathers are present in the sanitary-compliant zone.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water body is an artificial body of water.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water is brackish water, salty water, or sea water.