Methods of detecting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
In one aspect, the invention is directed to a method of identifying an individual that has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or is at risk of developing ALS comprising detecting one or more alterations in a profilin 1 (PFN1) sequence of an individual in need thereof compared to a wild type profilin sequence. In another aspect, the invention is directed to a method of identifying an individual that has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or is at risk of developing ALS comprising selectively sequencing a profilin 1 (PFN1) sequence of an individual in need thereof; and detecting one or more alterations in the PFN1 sequence of the individual. If the one or more alterations are detected then the individual has ALS.
1. A method of identifying an individual that has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or is at risk of developing ALS, comprising:
a) selectively sequencing a profilin 1 (PFN1) gene sequence in a sample of an individual in need thereof; and
b) detecting one or more alterations in the PFN1 gene sequence of the individual compared to a wild type PFN1 gene sequence, wherein the one or more alterations results in the PFN1 gene sequence encoding a PFN1 protein having a C71G alteration, a M114T alteration, a G118V alteration, an E117G alteration or a combination thereof, wherein if the one or more alterations are detected then the individual has ALS.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the ALS is familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS).
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises obtaining a sample from the individual.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the sample is obtained from a biological fluid of the individual, a biological tissue of the individual or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more alterations in the PFN1 sequence is detected using exome sequencing, sanger gene sequencing, resequencing array analysis, mRNA analysis/cDNA sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp), heteroduplex analysis (het), allele-specific oligonucleotide (aso), restriction fragment analysis, allele-specific amplification (asa), single nucleotide primer extension, oligonucleotide ligation assay (ola), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), or combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the one or more alterations in the PFN1 sequence is detected using exome sequencing.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the detection of the one or more alterations in the PFN1 sequence of the individual is compared to a control.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the control is a wild type PFN1 gene sequence.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the control is a PFN1 gene sequence sample obtained from one or more individuals that do not have ALS or FALS.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the individual is a human.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the individual is symptomatic for ALS or FALS.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the individual is asymptomatic for ALS or FALS.
13. The method of claim 2 wherein the individual has been previously diagnosed with ALS.
14. The method of claim 1 further comprising treating the individual for ALS or FALS.