Planetary gear train and corresponding production method
Described herein is a planetary gear train, comprising: a sun gear that can turn about an axis and comprises a plurality of first teeth; a fixed crown wheel comprising a plurality of second teeth; and two planetary gears, each comprising a plurality of third teeth, the planetary gears each meshing with the crown wheel and the sun gear and able to turn about second axes, which are in turn able to turn about the first axis; at least two third teeth simultaneously mesh with second teeth and further two third teeth simultaneously mesh with first teeth; the third teeth comprise a first and a second side, which have, respectively, a first and a second pressure angle different from one another; and the number of the third teeth is different from the absolute value of the semidifference between the number of the first teeth and of the second teeth.
1. A planetary gear train ( 6 ) for an aircraft ( 1 ) capable of fixed-point flight, comprising:
a sun gear ( 7 ) that can turn about a first axis (A) and comprises a plurality of first teeth ( 11 );
a fixed crown wheel ( 8 ) comprising a plurality of second teeth ( 12 ); and
at least two planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e ), each comprising a plurality of third teeth ( 13 ); said planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e ) each meshing with said crown wheel ( 8 ) and said sun gear ( 7 ) and being able to turn about respective second axes (B), which are in turn able to turn about said first axis (A);
said planetary gear train ( 6 ) being characterized in that:
at least two of said third teeth ( 13 ) simultaneously mesh with respective second teeth ( 12 ) and a further two of said third teeth ( 13 ) simultaneously mesh with respective first teeth ( 11 );
said third teeth ( 13 ) comprise a first side ( 16 a ) and a second side ( 16 b ), which have, respectively, a first pressure angle (α 1 ) and a second pressure angle (α 2 ) different from one another; and
the number (ZP) of said third teeth ( 13 ) of each of said planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e ) is different from the absolute value of the semidifference ((ZC-ZS)/2) between the number (ZS) of said first teeth ( 11 ) of said sun gear ( 7 ) and the number (ZC) of said second teeth ( 12 ) of said crown wheel ( 8 ).
2. The planetary gear train according to claim 1 , characterized in that said third teeth ( 13 ) mesh with respective said first teeth ( 11 ) on said first side ( 16 a ) and with respective second teeth ( 12 ) on said second side ( 16 b ); said first pressure angle (α 1 ) being smaller than said second pressure angle (α 2 ).
3. The planetary gear train according to claim 1 , characterized in that said number (ZP) of said third teeth ( 13 ) is smaller than the absolute value of said semidifference ((ZC-ZS)/2).
4. The planetary gear train according to claim 3 , characterized in that the absolute value of said semidifference ((ZC-ZS)/2) is greater than said number (ZP) of said third teeth ( 13 ) by a value comprised between 2 and 4.
5. The planetary gear train according to claim 1 , characterized in that the working pressure angle (γ) of said second side ( 16 b ) is smaller than said second pressure angle (α 2 ) by a value comprised between 4° and 8°.
6. The planetary gear train according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises at least three of said planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e ) that can turn about respective second axes (B);
each pair of immediately consecutive planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b ; 9 b , 9 c ; 9 c , 9 d ; 9 d , 9 e ) being associated to a respective phase angle (β 1 , β 2 , β 3 , β 4 , β 5 ) defined between the lines joining the respective second axes (B) and said first axis (A);
at least one first phase angle and one second phase angle (β 1 , β 4 ; β 2 , β 3 , β 5 ) being different from one another.
7. The planetary gear train according to claim 6 , characterized in that at least two of said first phase angles (β 1 , β) are equal to one another.
8. The planetary gear train according to claim 7 , characterized in that at least three of said second phase angles (β 2 , β 3 , β 5 ) are equal to one another and greater than said first phase angles (β 1 , β 4 ).
9. The planetary gear train according to claim 1 , characterized in that said first and second teeth ( 11 ; 12 ) each have respective sides ( 14 a , 14 b ; 15 a , 15 b ), which have respective further pressure angles different from one another.
10. The planetary gear train according to claim 1 , characterized in that a first contact ratio associated to the meshing of each of said planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e ) with said sun gear ( 7 ) is greater than 2.5; and in that a second contact ratio associated to the meshing of each of said planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e ) with said crown wheel ( 8 ) is greater than 2.5.
11. The planetary gear train according to claim 1 , characterized in that said first and second sides ( 16 a , 16 b ) have respective end portions ( 50 ) relieved with respect to corresponding starting theoretical involutes;
the plot of the distance between the points of each said end portion ( 50 ) and the corresponding starting involute along an axis (C) of said third tooth ( 13 ) comprising at least one first segment (E) and one second segment (F) inclined with respect to one another.
12. An aircraft capable of fixed-point flight, characterized in that it comprises:
a rotor ( 4 );
an engine member; and
a transmission ( 5 ) set between said rotor and said engine member and comprising a planetary gear train ( 6 ) according to any one of the preceding claims;
said planetary gear train ( 6 ) comprising a planetary-gear carrier ( 30 ) connected to said planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e );
one ( 7 ) between said sun gear ( 7 ) and said planetary-gear carrier ( 30 ) receiving, in use, a torque from said engine member;
the other ( 30 ) between said sun gear ( 7 ) and said planetary-gear carrier ( 30 ) being connected to a drive shaft of said rotor ( 4 ).
13. A method for producing a planetary gear train ( 6 ) for an aircraft ( 1 ) capable of fixed-point flight; said planetary gear train ( 6 ) comprising:
a sun gear ( 7 ) that can turn about a first axis (A) and comprises a plurality of first teeth ( 11 );
a fixed crown wheel ( 8 ) comprising a plurality of second teeth ( 12 ); and
at least two planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e ), each comprising a plurality of third teeth ( 13 ), said planetary gears ( 9 ) each meshing with said crown wheel ( 8 ) and said sun gear ( 7 ) and being able to turn about respective second axes (B), which are in turn able to turn about said first axis (A); said method being characterized in that it comprises the step of:
setting at least two of said third teeth ( 13 ) so that they mesh simultaneously with respective second teeth ( 12 ) and a further two of said third teeth ( 13 ) so that they mesh simultaneously with respective first teeth ( 11 );
providing a first side ( 16 a ) and a second side ( 16 b ) of said third teeth ( 13 ), respectively, with a first pressure angle (α 1 ) and a second pressure angle (α 2 ) different from one another; and
providing a number (ZP) of said third teeth ( 13 ) of each of said planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e ) different from the absolute value of the semidifference ((ZC-ZS)/2) between the number (ZS) of said first teeth ( 11 ) of said sun gear ( 7 ) and the number (ZC) of said second teeth ( 12 ) of said crown wheel ( 8 ).
14. The method according to claim 13 , characterized in that said step of providing a number (ZP) of said third teeth ( 13 ) comprises the step of providing a number (ZP) of said third teeth ( 13 ) of each of said planetary gears ( 9 a , 9 b , 9 c , 9 d , 9 e ) smaller than the absolute value of said semidifference ((ZC-ZS)/2).
15. The method according to claim 13 , characterized in that:
said step of setting comprises the step of meshing said third teeth ( 13 ) with said first teeth ( 11 ) on said first side ( 16 a ) and of meshing said third teeth ( 13 ) with said second teeth ( 12 ) on said second side ( 16 b ); and
said step of providing a first side ( 16 a ) and a second side ( 16 b ) comprises the step of providing said pressure angle (α 1 ) with an amplitude smaller than said second pressure angle (α 2 ).