Bipolar sieve electrode and method of assembly

1. An apparatus for providing an interface between a nerve and an external information system, said apparatus comprising:

a substrate comprising a first surface, an opposite second surface, and an electrode body, said electrode body comprises a plurality of holes extending therethrough;

a plurality of electrical leads embedded on or in said substrate; and

a plurality of ring electrodes, each of said plurality of ring electrodes circumscribing, either partially or completely, a corresponding one of said plurality of holes, wherein at least a portion of said plurality of ring electrodes is positioned on each of said first surface and said second surface such that, for each corresponding hole, a first ring electrode on said first surface circumscribes a first end of the hole and a second ring electrode on said second surface circumscribes an opposite second end of the hole such that said substrate is positioned between said first and second ring electrodes.

2. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said substrate further comprises a first end and an opposite second end.

3. An apparatus in accordance with claim 2 , wherein each of said first end and said second end comprises a plurality of electrical contacts, each of said plurality of electrical contacts is coupled to a corresponding electrical lead of said plurality of electrical leads.

4. An apparatus in accordance with claim 2 , wherein said first end comprises a plurality of electrical contacts, each of said plurality of electrical contacts is coupled to a corresponding electrical lead of said plurality of electrical leads, and wherein said second end comprises said electrode body.

5. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said electrode body comprises at least one tab comprising one of at least one reference electrode and at least one contact pad.

6. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said substrate comprises a first substrate and a second substrate coupled together such that a first surface of said first substrate is oriented in a first direction and a first surface of said second substrate is oriented in a second direction opposite the first direction, with a second surface of said first substrate coupled to a second surface of said second substrate.

7. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein each of said plurality of ring electrodes is electrically isolated from all other ring electrodes of said plurality of ring electrodes.

8. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein each of said ring electrodes is configured to communicate wirelessly with the external information system.

9. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 , wherein an interface between said plurality of ring electrodes and the nerve is enhanced by controlled delivery of trophic factors or molecular compounds.

10. A neural interface system comprising:

a bipolar sieve electrode adapted to be applied to a nerve within a subject, said bipolar sieve electrode comprising:

a substrate comprising a first surface, an opposite second surface, and an electrode body, said electrode body comprises a plurality of holes extending therethrough;

a plurality of electrical leads embedded within said substrate; and

a plurality of ring electrodes, each of said plurality of ring electrodes circumscribing, either partially or completely, a corresponding one of said plurality of holes, wherein at least a portion of said plurality of ring electrodes is positioned on each of said first surface and said second surface such that, for each corresponding hole, a first ring electrode on said first surface circumscribes a first end of the hole and a second ring electrode on said second surface circumscribes an opposite second end of the hole such that said substrate is positioned between said first and second ring electrodes; and

an information system positioned external to the subject and configured to transmit signals to the nerve via said bipolar sieve electrode and receive signals from the nerve via said bipolar sieve electrode.

11. A neural interface system in accordance with claim 10 , wherein said substrate further comprises a first end and an opposite second end.

12. A neural interface system in accordance with claim 11 , wherein each of said first end and said second end comprises a plurality of electrical contacts, each of said plurality of electrical contacts is coupled to a corresponding electrical lead of said plurality of electrical leads.

13. A neural interface system in accordance with claim 11 , wherein said first end comprises a plurality of electrical contacts, each of said plurality of electrical contacts is coupled to a corresponding electrical lead of said plurality of electrical leads, and wherein said second end comprises said electrode body.

14. A neural interface system in accordance with claim 10 , wherein said substrate comprises a first substrate and a second substrate coupled together such that a first surface of said first substrate is oriented in a first direction and a first surface of said second substrate is oriented in a second direction opposite the first direction, with a second surface of said first substrate coupled to a second surface of said second substrate.

15. A neural interface system in accordance with claim 10 , wherein each of said plurality of ring electrodes is electrically isolated from all other ring electrodes of said plurality of ring electrodes.

16. A neural interface system in accordance with claim 10 , wherein each of said ring electrodes is configured to communicate wirelessly with the external information system.