Manipulation of beads in droplets and methods for manipulating droplets
The invention provides a method of dispersing or circulating magnetically responsive beads within a droplet in a droplet actuator. The invention, in one embodiment, makes use of a droplet actuator with a plurality of droplet operations electrodes configured to transport the droplet, and a magnetic field present at a portion of the plurality of droplet operations electrodes. A bead-containing droplet is provided on the droplet actuator in the presence of the uniform magnetic field. Beads are circulated in the droplet during incubation by conducting droplet operations on the droplet within a uniform region of the magnetic field wherein droplet operations do not allow magnetically responsive beads to be introduced into a region of the magnetic field which is sufficiently non-uniform to cause bead clumping resulting in a more homogenous distribution of the beads in the droplet. Other embodiments are also provided.
1. A method of circulating magnetically responsive beads within a droplet in a droplet actuator, the method comprising:
(a) providing a droplet actuator, comprising:
(i) a plurality of droplet operations electrodes configured to transport the droplet; and
(ii) a magnetic field comprising a uniform region of the magnetic field provided by one or more magnets and present at a plurality of droplet operations electrodes;
(b) providing a bead-containing droplet on the droplet actuator in the presence of the uniform region of the magnetic field; and
(c) circulating beads in the droplet during incubation by conducting droplet transport operations on the droplet using the plurality of droplet operations electrodes within the uniform region of the magnetic field, wherein droplet operations do not allow magnetically responsive beads to be introduced into a region of the magnetic field which is sufficiently non-uniform to cause bead clumping, thereby resulting in a more homogenous distribution of the beads in the droplet, and wherein the droplet is maintained at a temperature suitable for incubation of the contents of the droplet.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the beads comprise molecules having affinity for one or more target substances in the droplet.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the beads comprise cells.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the beads comprise organisms.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the droplet is surrounded by a filler fluid.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the method is executed in a manner which avoids clumping of magnetic beads.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the droplet operations comprise transporting the droplet within the uniform region of the magnetic field.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the droplet operations comprise transporting the droplet back and forth or in a loop within the uniform region of the magnetic field.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the droplet operations comprise transporting the droplet back and forth or in a loop within the uniform region of the magnetic field across droplet operations electrodes that vary in size.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the droplet operations comprise oscillating the droplet within the uniform region of the magnetic field.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the droplet operations comprise splitting the droplet within the uniform region of the magnetic field.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the droplet operations comprise splitting and merging the droplet within the uniform region of the magnetic field.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the droplet operations comprise splitting and merging and transporting the droplet within the uniform region of the magnetic field.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the droplet is sandwiched between two substrates.
15. The method of claim 1 further comprising splitting the droplet.
16. The method of claim 1 further comprising transporting the droplet away from the magnetic field.
17. The method of claim 1 further comprising splitting the droplet away from the magnetic field.
18. The method of claim 1 further comprising splitting the droplet while proximate an edge of a magnet emanating the magnetic field.
19. The method of claim 1 further comprising recombining the resultant split droplets in the presence of the magnetic field.
20. The method of claim 1 further comprising a split droplet along the plurality of droplet operations electrodes away from the magnetic field.
21. The method of claim 1 further comprising transporting split droplets along the plurality of droplet operations electrodes in opposite directions.
22. The method of claim 1 further comprising producing the magnetic field using at least one magnet of a row of magnets.
23. The method of claim 1 further comprising producing the magnetic field using at least one magnet of a plurality of rows of magnets.