Tissue retractor assembly

1. An intracorporeal surgical tissue retractor, comprising:

a) a grasper selectively deployable on a tissue to be retracted, said grasper comprising:

a pair of arms forming at their respective distal ends a pair of jaws, said jaws adapted to securely attach to the tissue to be retracted; and

a biasing mechanism attached to said arms biasing said jaws into a closed position;

b) a longitudinally selectively movable support attached at a substantially distal end of said movable support to said grasper; and

c) a deployment user interface, couplable to said movable support and having a proximal end manipulable by a user extracorporeally and a distal end releasably attachable to said grasper, adapted to intracorporeally deploy said grasper onto the tissue to be retracted,

wherein when said grasper is deployed on the tissue to be retracted and said movable support is selectively moved proximally, the tissue is selectively retracted,

and wherein the more said movable support is selectively moved proximally, the more the tissue is retracted, thereby enabling dynamic retraction of the tissue,

said grasper further comprising a pair of corresponding holes respectively formed in each of said arms through which said movable support is disposable, wherein when said movable support is selectively moved proximally, additional force is applied to said jaws via said movable support through said holes in said grasper arms further tending to close said jaws into said closed position.

2. An intracorporeal surgical tissue refractor according to claim 1 ,

said user interface comprising a cannula and said grasper being at least partially relatively withdrawable into and out of said cannula,

wherein when at least one of said cannula and said grasper is moved relative to the other of said cannula and said grasper to cause said grasper to be at least partially withdrawn into said cannula, a distal end of said cannula bears against a proximal end of said arms of said grasper and forces said jaws open opposing said biasing mechanism.

3. An intracorporeal surgical tissue refractor according to claim 1 , said user interface further comprising a first actuator, disposed on said proximal end of said user interface and mechanically coupled to one of said cannula or said grasper, enabling selective relative longitudinal movement of said grasper with respect to said cannula to selectively open and close said jaws of said grasper.

4. An intracorporeal surgical tissue refractor according to claim 1 , further comprising a substantially stationary grasper support disposed within said cannula and attachable to said grasper and a second actuator, disposed on said proximal end of said user interface and mechanically coupled to said grasper support enabling selective longitudinal movement of said grasper support to free said grasper of said user interface and to deploy said grasper onto the tissue to be retracted.

5. An intracorporeal surgical tissue refractor comprising:

a) a grasper selectively deployable on a tissue to be retracted, said grasper comprising:

a pair of arms forming at their respective distal ends a pair of jaws, said jaws adapted to securely attach to the tissue to be retracted; and

a biasing mechanism attached to said arms biasing said jaws into a closed position; and

b) a longitudinally selectively movable support attached at a substantially distal end of said movable support to said grasper;

c) a deployment user interface, couplable to said movable support and having a proximal end manipulable by a user extracorporeally and a distal end releasably attachable to said grasper, adapted to intracorporeally deploy said grasper onto the tissue to be retracted, said user interface comprising a cannula and said grasper being at least partially relatively withdrawable into and out of said cannula; and

a substantially stationary grasper support disposed within said cannula and attachable to said grasper and a second actuator, disposed on said proximal end of said user interface and mechanically coupled to said grasper support enabling selective longitudinal movement of said grasper support to free said grasper of said user interface and to deploy said grasper onto the tissue to be retracted,

wherein when said grasper is deployed on the tissue to be retracted and said movable support is selectively moved proximally, the tissue is selectively retracted,

and wherein the more said movable support is selectively moved proximally, the more the tissue is retracted, thereby enabling dynamic retraction of the tissue,

and wherein when at least one of said cannula and said grasper is moved relative to the other of said cannula and said grasper to cause said grasper to be at least partially withdrawn into said cannula, a distal end of said cannula bears against a proximal end of said arms of said grasper and forces said jaws open opposing said biasing mechanism,

and wherein said biasing mechanism of said grasper comprises a coil spring disposed at said proximal end of said grasper and said grasper support comprising a hook formed at a distal end of said grasper support that is hookable through said coil spring.

6. An intracorporeal surgical tissue refractor comprising:

a) a grasper selectively deployable on a tissue to be retracted;

b) a longitudinally selectively movable support attached at a substantially distal end of said movable support to said grasper;

c) a deployment user interface, couplable to said movable support and having a proximal end manipulable by a user extracorporeally and a distal end releasably attachable to said grasper, adapted to intracorporeally deploy said grasper onto the tissue to be retracted; and

an anchor deployable in a tissue not to be retracted, said anchor having:

a plurality of distally projecting legs, said legs of said anchor being made from a resilient material and curved outwardly to a diameter significantly larger than said cannula; and

a substantially proximally disposed main body,

wherein when said grasper is deployed on the tissue to be retracted and said movable support is selectively moved proximally, the tissue is selectively retracted,

and wherein the more said movable support is selectively moved proximally, the more the tissue is retracted, thereby enabling dynamic retraction of the tissue,

and wherein as said anchor is relatively withdrawn into a cannula, the cannula urges said legs of said anchor into a substantially straight configuration into which said anchor is deployable into the tissue not to be retracted.

7. An intracorporeal surgical tissue refractor anchor according to claim 6 , said anchor being releasably attachable to an anchor positioning tool for at least one of deployment or retrieval of said anchor into/from a tissue not to be retracted.

8. An intracorporeal surgical tissue refractor anchor according to claim 7 , wherein one of said main body of said anchor and said anchor positioning tool comprises a flange or a shoulder and groove and the other of said main body of said anchor and said anchor positioning tool comprises at least one arm releasably securable to said flange or said shoulder and groove.

9. An intracorporeal surgical tissue refractor anchor according to claim 6 , said main body of said anchor further comprising at least one notch formed at a distal end of said main body adapted to accommodate a movable support threaded through said anchor when said anchor is deployed in a tissue not to be refracted.

10. An intracorporeal surgical tissue retractor anchor according to claim 6 , wherein said resilient material of said anchor is variably pliant at different temperatures, wherein said material is less pliant at body temperature than at room temperature.