Deicing formulation utilizing co-products from lignocellulose to bio fuel process
The use of a side stream and residue from the lignocellulose to ethanol process for use in preventing the formation of ice and in melting ice and snow on roadways. The future lignocellulose to ethanol industry will provide a significant proportion of these streams that provide an organic solution that when added to chloride salts of calcium, magnesium and sodium provides an improved environmentally friendly road deicing product with reduced corrosiveness and increased friction. A deicer composition of calcium chloride aqueous solution containing 25-38% by weight calcium chloride mixed up to 50% by volume of hemicellulose hydrolysis side stream can reduce the corrosivity of calcium chloride to 70% less that of a sodium chloride solution.
1. A surface ice melting or surface ice formation inhibiting composition, the composition comprising water soluble hydrolysed hemicellulose carbohydrates of various degrees of polymerization, sugar monomers, acetic acid, and furfural, all derived from a lignocellulosic biomass to fuel conversion process, wherein the hydrolyzed hemicellulose carbohydrates are concentrated by evaporation of water after washing to 25% to 70% total solids.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has improved properties including reducing corrosion activity of the ice melting and/or ice formation inhibiting composition.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has improved properties including increasing friction properties of a surface to which the ice melting and/or ice formation inhibiting composition is applied.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein composition has improved properties including improving colloidal dispersivity of the ice melting and/or ice formation inhibiting composition.
5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising formic acid.
6. The composition of claim 1 , including water soluble xylose and xylooligosaccharides of various molecular weights.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass to fuel conversion process is a thermal steam treatment process and the water soluble hydrolysed hemicellulose carbohydrates, sugar monomers, acetic acid, and furfural, are all derived from a lignocellulosic biomass separated from a solid lignocellulose biomass fraction during the thermal steam treatment process.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the thermal steam treatment process uses an acid catalyst.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the acid catalyst is sulfuric acid.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the pH is increased to between 6 and 8 using a base.
11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Calcium Hydroxide, Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Carbonate, Potassium Hydroxide, Ammonium Hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
12. The composition of claim 10 mixed 1:1 with a NaCl solution then further blended with a CaCl 2 solution to form a surface ice melting and ice formation inhibiting salt composition with increased friction properties.
13. The composition of claim 10 mixed 1:1 with a 23% NaCl solution then further blended with a CaCl 2 solution to form a surface ice melting and ice formation inhibiting salt composition with increased friction properties.
14. The composition of claim 10 mixed 1:1 with 23% NaCl solution then blended with 30% CaCl 2 solution at a ratio of 30:70 solution to form a surface ice melting and ice formation inhibiting salt composition with increased friction properties.
15. The composition of claim 10 mixed 1:1 with 23% NaCl solution then blended with 30% CaCl 2 solution at a ratio of 20:80 solution to form a surface ice melting and ice formation inhibiting salt composition with increased friction properties.
16. The composition of claim 10 mixed with salt solutions of CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , or NaCl and mixtures thereof to provide a surface ice melting and ice formation inhibiting salt composition with increased friction properties.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the products derived from the lignocellulosic biomass to fuel conversion process comprise: approximately 6-8% arabinose and arabian oligomers; approximately 48-72% xylose and xylan oligomers; approximately 0-1% mannose and mannan oligomers; 2.5-3.5% galactose and galactan oligomers; approximately 8-11% glucose and glucose oligomers, approximately 2-3% sulphuric acid, and a balance of salts, protein, fat, dissolved lignin and resins.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein a base selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide is added to the composition to adjust the pH to between 6 and 8.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the products derived from the lignocellulosic biomass to fuel conversion process comprise: approximately 4-6% arabinose and arabian oligomers; approximately 40-60% xylose and xylan oligomers; approximately 0-1% mannose and mannan oligomers; 2-3% galactose and galactan oligomers; approximately 5.5-7.5% glucose and glucose oligomers, and a balance of salts, protein, fat, dissolved lignin and resins.
20. The composition of claim 19 , wherein a base selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide is added to the composition to adjust the pH to between 6 and 8.
21. A method for surface deicing or for inhibiting surface ice formation, comprising the steps of:
applying the composition of claim 10 to rock salt to obtain treated rock salt, and
applying the treated rock salt to a road surface for deicing and/or ice formation inhibition.
22. A method for maintaining salts in a liquid salt composition in suspension, comprising the steps of obtaining a liquid salt composition and adding the composition of claim 10 for maintaining the liquid salt in suspension.
23. A method for surface deicing or for inhibiting surface ice formation, comprising the steps of:
adding the composition of claim 10 to a water solutions of NaCl, CaCl 2 , or MgCl 2 , or mixtures thereof, and
applying the resulting salt composition to a surface for surface ice melting or surface ice formation inhibition.
24. A method for surface deicing or for inhibiting surface ice formation, comprising the steps of:
adding the composition of claim 10 to aqueous brine solutions of NaCl, CaCl 2 , or MgCl 2 or mixtures thereof at a ratio of up to 50/50 by weight and
applying the resulting brine composition to a surface for surface ice melting or surface ice formation inhibition.