Time-of-flight camera with guided light

1. A time-of-flight 3D camera for illuminating a camera field of view and capturing return image light reflected by an object in the camera field of view, comprising:

a light source configured to emit source light along an optical axis of the camera;

a collimator configured to receive and collimate the source light to create collimated light;

a refractive diffuser that is operable to be tuned to the camera field of view and configured to receive and diffuse the collimated light to create refracted light, wherein the refracted light has a varying intensity profile that is characterized by an intensity (I) that becomes lower toward the optical axis and higher away from the optical axis, the refractive diffuser configured to guide the refracted light to illuminate only a portion of the camera field of view to reduce wasted source light, wherein the intensity (I) of the refracted light increases as an angle θ between the refracted light and the optical axis increases; and

a light collector having a photosensitive surface that configured to receive the return image light to be used for calculating a distance measurement of the object.

2. The camera of claim 1 , wherein the return image light at the photosensitive surface has an irradiance of at least a threshold magnitude for calculating the distance measurement of the object.

3. The camera of claim 2 , wherein at least two features of the object are both in a planar field of view imaging surface or both in a spherical field of view imaging surface, the at least two features of the object are both characterized by a shared reflectance value, and a magnitude of the irradiance at the photosensitive surface is substantially equivalent for the return image light reflected by the at least two features of the object.

4. The camera of claim 1 , wherein the varying intensity profile is further characterized by the intensity (I) having a maximum value to sufficiently illuminate the object at a maximum range (L), and the intensity (I) decreasing as an instant range (R) decreases below the maximum range (L).

5. The camera of claim 4 , wherein the refractive diffuser comprises a first array of lenslets that is substantially opposite to a second array of lenslets, the first array of lenslets and the second array of lenslets collectively configured to guide the refracted light in a manner that produces the varying intensity profile.

6. The camera of claim 1 , further comprising a controller that processes an input signal from the photosensitive surface and generates an output signal based thereon that indicates a depth of the object in the camera field of view based on a time difference between emitting the source light and receiving at the photosensitive surface the return image light reflected by the object, the output signal being outputted to a game console by the controller of the camera.

7. The camera of claim 1 , wherein the intensity (I) is related to the angle θ according to an inverse function of an objective lens irradiance profile.

8. The camera of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the refracted light delivered to the camera field of view by the refractive diffuser is at least 95% of an amount of the source light emitted by the light source.

9. In a time-of-flight 3D camera, a method for illuminating a camera field of view and capturing return image light reflected by an object in the camera field of view, comprising:

emitting source light from a light source along an optical axis of the camera;

collimating the source light to create collimated light;

diffusing the collimated light to create refracted light having a varying intensity profile that is characterized by an intensity (I) that becomes lower toward the optical axis and higher away from the optical axis, the intensity (I) of the refracted light increasing as an angle θ between the refracted light and the optical axis increases;

guiding the refracted light to illuminate only a portion of the camera field of view and reduce wasted source light; and

receiving the return image light on a photosensitive surface of a light collector for calculating a distance measurement of the object.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the return image light at the photosensitive surface has an irradiance of at least a threshold magnitude for calculating the distance measurement of the object.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least two features of the object are both in a planar field of view imaging surface or both in a spherical field of view imaging surface, the at least two features of the object are both characterized by a shared reflectance value, and a magnitude of the irradiance at the photosensitive surface is substantially equivalent for the return image light reflected by the at least two features of the object.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the object is located in a predetermined orientation relative to a floor, and the portion of the camera field of view does not include the floor.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein diffusing the collimated light comprises diffusing the collimated light using a refractive diffuser, and the refractive diffuser comprises a first array of lenslets that is substantially opposite to a second array of lenslets, the first array of lenslets and the second array of lenslets collectively configured to guide the refracted light in a manner that produces the varying intensity profile.

14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the intensity (I) is related to the angle θ according to I=1/cos 4 θ.

15. The method of claim 9 , further comprising delivering an amount of the refracted light to the camera field of view that is at least 95% of an amount of the source light emitted by the light source.