Electrically heatable carrier and panel radiator, and method for the production thereof
A carrier, in particular a plastic film, comprising an electrical heating layer is described. The heating layer is applied to at least a portion of a carrier surface. The heating layer is electrically divided by one or more first separating zones, each of which is designed such that a current path changes the direction of flow thereof at the free zone ends, and one or more second separating zones, which are designed such that the current path changing the direction of flow thereof at the free zone ends is divided in at least some sections into a plurality of electrically parallel current sub-paths. One or more second separating zones are associated with at least one free zone end of a first separating zone, with the second separating zones arranged in an aligned extension to the first separating zone.
1. A carrier for panel heating elements, in particular plastic film, with an electrical heating layer applied to at least a part of a carrier surface and with at least two electrodes provided for connection to a voltage source, wherein the at least two electrodes are connected to the electrical heating layer such that a current path for a heating current is formed between the electrodes, wherein the heating layer is electrically divided by:
one or more first separating zones, which have, in each case, at least one free zone end, and are implemented such that the current path changes its direction of flow on the free zone ends, and
one or more second separating zones, which are implemented such that the current path changing its direction of flow on the free zone ends is divided at least in sections into a plurality of electrically parallel current subpaths,
wherein one or more second separating zones are associated with at least one free zone end of a first separating zone, and are arranged in an aligned extension of the first separating zone.
2. The carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the separating zones have a distance between them that becomes smaller toward the free zone end.
3. The carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the second separating zones associated with the free zone end are implemented such that the electrically parallel current subpaths have, on the free zone end, an at least approximately equal electrical resistance.
4. The carrier according to claim 1 , wherein a transition zone, in which the electrical conductivity of the electrical heating layer decreases toward the free zone end, adjoins the free zone end of the at least one first separating zone, with which the one or more second separating zones are associated.
5. The carrier according to claim 4 , wherein in the transition zone, a layer thickness of the electrical heating layer decreases toward the free zone end.
6. The carrier according to claim 4 , wherein in the transition zone, a porosity of the electrical heating layer increases toward the free zone end.
7. The carrier according to claim 4 , wherein the electrical heating layer has a dopant to increase the electrical conductivity, with a concentration of the dopant in the transition zone decreasing toward the free zone end.
8. The carrier according to claim 4 , wherein the electrical heating layer has a dopant to reduce the electrical conductivity, with a concentration of the dopant in the transition zone increasing toward the free zone end.
9. A panel heating element, with at least one substrate with a substrate surface on which the carrier, in particular a plastic film, according to claim 1 is applied.
10. A method for producing an electrically heatable carrier, in particular plastic film, comprising:
providing a carrier, on which an electrical heating layer is applied on at least a part of a film surface and which has at least two electrodes provided for connection to a voltage source, wherein the electrodes are connected to the electrical heating layer such that a current path for a heating current is formed between the electrodes;
electrically dividing the electrical heating layer by one or more first separating zones, with the separating zones having, in each case, at least one free zone end and being implemented such that the current path changes its direction of flow at the free zone ends; and
electrically dividing the electrical heating layer by one or more second separating zones, which are implemented such that the current path changing its direction of flow on the free zone ends is divided at least in sections into a plurality of electrically parallel current subpaths, wherein the one or more second separating zones are associated with the at least one free zone end of a first separating zone, with the second separating zones arranged in an aligned extension of the first separating zone.
11. A method comprising:
using the carrier, in particular a plastic film, according to claim 1 for an electrical heating of a functional individual piece and a built-in part in furniture, devices, and buildings as well as in means of transportation for travel on land, in the air, or on water.
12. The method according to claim 11 wherein the electrical heating of a functional individual piece and a built-in part in furniture, devices and buildings is electrical heating of heating elements in residential spaces.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the heating elements in residential spaces are wall mountable or freestanding heating elements.
14. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the means of transportation for travel is a motor vehicle.
15. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the functional individual piece and the built-in part in means of transportation for travel is a windshield, rear window, side window, and/or glass roof.