Method for immobilizing glucose oxidase on a self-assembled monolayer
Provided are a method for increasing an amount of glucose oxidase to be immobilized on the self-assembled monolayer and a sensor which comprises glucose oxidase immobilized with the method. The method of the disclosed technology is characterized by that one molecule of an amino acid is interposed between the self-assembled monolayer and the molecule of the glucose oxidase.
1. A method for immobilizing a glucose oxidase on a self-assembled monolayer, comprising the following steps (a) and (b) in this order:
a step (a) of preparing a substrate comprising one molecule of an amino acid and the self-assembled monolayer,
wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is bound to the self-assembled monolayer through a peptide bond represented by the following chemical formula (I):
wherein R represents side chain of the one molecule of the amino acid,
the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the twenty kinds of amino acids consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine, asparagine, methionine, serine, tryptophan, leucine, glutamine, alanine, isoleucine, threonine, proline, glutamate, aspartate, arginine, and valine, and
a step (b) of supplying the glucose oxidase to the substrate to form a peptide bond represented by the following chemical formula (II) as a result of reaction between the carboxyl group of the one molecule of the amino acid and the amino group of the glucose oxidase,
wherein R represents side chain of the one molecule of the amino acid.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step (a) comprises the following steps (a1) and (a2):
a step (a1) of preparing a substrate comprising a self-assembled monolayer on the surface thereof, the self-assembled monolayer having a carboxyl acid at one end, and
a step (a2) of supplying the one molecule of the amino acid to form a peptide bond represented by the chemical formula (I) as a result of reaction between the carboxyl group of the one end of the self-assembled monolayer and the amino group of the one molecule of the amino acid.
3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising the following step (a1a) between the step (a1) and the step (a2):
a step (a1a) of activating the carboxyl group of the self-assembled monolayer with a mixture of N-Hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the following step (ab) between the step (a) and the step (b):
a step (ab) of activating the carboxyl group of the one molecule of the amino acid with a mixture of N-Hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical formula (II) is represented by the following chemical formula (III)
wherein R represents side chain of the one molecule of the amino acid.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, alanine, asparagine, leucine, tyrosine, glutamate, isoleucine, threonine, aspartate, tryptophan, valine, arginine, and proline.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, alanine, asparagine, leucine, tyrosine, glutamate, isoleucine, threonine, aspartate, tryptophan, and valine.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, alanine, asparagine, and leucine.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, and alanine.
10. A sensor comprising a substrate molecule of an amino acid, and a glucose oxidase, wherein,
the substrate comprises a self-assembled monolayer and one molecule of an amino acid,
the one molecule of the amino acid is interposed between the self-assembled monolayer and the glucose oxidase,
the glucose oxidase is bound to the self-assembled monolayer through two peptide bonds represented by the following chemical formula (II),
wherein R represents side chain of the one molecule of the amino acid,
the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the twenty kinds of amino acids consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine, asparagine, methionine, serine, tryptophan, leucine, glutamine, alanine, isoleucine, threonine, proline, glutamate, aspartate, arginine, and valine.
11. The sensor according to claim 10 , wherein the chemical formula (II) is represented by the following chemical formula (III)
wherein R represents side chain of the one molecule of the amino acid.
12. The sensor according to claim 10 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, alanine, asparagine, leucine, tyrosine, glutamate, isoleucine, threonine, aspartate, tryptophan, valine, arginine, and proline.
13. The sensor according to claim 10 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, alanine, asparagine, leucine, tyrosine, glutamate, isoleucine, threonine, aspartate, tryptophan, and valine.
14. The sensor according to claim 10 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, alanine, asparagine, and leucine.
15. The sensor according to claim 10 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, and alanine.
16. A method for detecting or quantifying glucose contained in a sample with a sensor, comprising the following steps (a) to (c) in this order,
a step (a) of preparing the sensor comprising a substrate and a glucose oxidase, wherein,
the substrate comprises a self-assembled monolayer and one molecule of an amino acid,
the one molecule of the amino acid is interposed between the self-assembled monolayer and the glucose oxidase,
the glucose oxidase is bound to the self-assembled monolayer through two peptide bonds represented by the following chemical formula (II),
wherein R represents side chain of the one molecule of the amino acid,
the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the twenty kinds of amino acids consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine, asparagine, methionine, serine, tryptophan, leucine, glutamine, alanine, isoleucine, threonine, proline, glutamate, aspartate, arginine, and valine,
a step (b) of supplying the sample to the sensor to generate gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide due to decomposition of the glucose by the glucose oxidase,
a step (c) of detecting or quantifying at least one of the gluconolactone and the hydrogen peroxide to detect or quantify the glucose contained in the sample.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the chemical formula (II) is represented by the following chemical formula (III)
wherein R represents side chain of the one molecule of the amino acid.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, alanine, asparagine, leucine, tyrosine, glutamate, isoleucine, threonine, aspartate, tryptophan, valine, arginine, and proline.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, alanine, asparagine, leucine, tyrosine, glutamate, isoleucine, threonine, aspartate, tryptophan, and valine.
20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, alanine, asparagine, and leucine.
21. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the one molecule of the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of cysteine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, serine, and alanine.