Method for welding two metal parts and connecting arrangement with two metal components
A method for welding two metal parts from aluminum alloys with the steps: melting of the metal parts to be joined in a weld region through an energy input by means of a laser beam with the formation of a weld seam, smoothing the surface of the weld seam through a further energy input with partial melting of the weld seam in the region of the surface, wherein the further energy input is a defocused laser beam, of which the focal point is positioned in the beam direction in front of or behind the surface of the weld seam, wherein the defocused laser beam and the surface normal of a surface of the two metal parts to which the laser beam is applied, incorporate an angle of greater than or equal to 5 degrees, and a connecting arrangement welded with this method.
1. A method ( 10 ) for welding two metal parts ( 12 , 14 ) from aluminum alloys with the steps:
melting the metal parts ( 12 , 14 ) to be joined in a weld region ( 18 ) through an energy input by means of a laser beam ( 20 ) with the formation of a weld seam ( 22 ),
smoothing the surface ( 28 ) of the weld seam ( 22 ) through a further energy input with partial melting of the weld seam ( 22 ) in the region of the surface ( 28 ),
wherein the further energy input is carried out by means of a defocused laser beam ( 20 ′), of which the focal point is positioned in the beam direction ( 24 ) in front of or behind the surface ( 28 ) of the weld seam ( 22 ), and
wherein the defocused laser beam ( 20 ′) and the surface normal of a surface ( 26 , 28 ) of the two metal parts ( 12 , 14 ), to which the laser beam is applied, incorporate an angle of greater than or equal to 5 degrees.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an area impacted with energy by the defocused laser beam ( 20 ) is 4 to 16 times larger than an area impacted with energy by the focused laser beam ( 20 ).
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the further energy input takes place by means of the defocused laser beam ( 20 ′) directly after the first step in a time interval of less than 100 ms and the defocused travel is carried out with the aid of a 3D scanner in the opposite direction to the weld which has taken place in the first step.
4. The method ( 10 ) for welding two metal parts ( 12 , 14 ) of aluminum alloys, according to claim 1 , with the additional steps:
provision of a residual material thickness region of the metal parts connecting in the direction of the energy input, in particular of the laser beam ( 20 ), to the weld seam ( 22 ), not melted by the energy input, in particular the laser beam ( 20 ),
determining a geometry change resulting from the energy input of the surface ( 32 ), facing away from the energy input, in particular the laser beam ( 20 ), of at least one of the metal parts ( 12 , 14 ) in the region of the weld seam ( 22 ),
formation of the extension of the residual material thickness region in the direction of the energy input, in particular the laser beam ( 20 ), in dependence upon the determined geometry change.
5. The method ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the metal parts ( 12 , 14 ) are arranged overlapping in an overlap region ( 26 ) before welding and the weld region ( 18 ) is provided in the overlap region ( 16 ).
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein aluminum alloys are welded as two metal parts ( 12 , 14 ), wherein at least one of the joining elements is formed from an aluminum alloy of the series 5000 or 7000.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an area impacted with energy by the defocused laser beam ( 20 ) is 9 times larger than an area impacted with energy by the focused laser beam ( 20 ).
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the further energy input takes place by means of the defocused laser beam ( 20 ′) directly after the first step in a time interval of less than 10 ms, and the defocused travel is carried out with the aid of a 3D scanner in the opposite direction to the weld which has taken place in the first step.