Process for depleting calcium and/or iron from geothermal brines

1. A method of depleting calcium from a geothermal brine solution, said method comprising:

(a) contacting the geothermal brine solution with a QL reagent to create a reaction solution, wherein the QL reagent comprises a quaternary ammonium compound, a hydrogen ion exchange reagent, and an organic solvent, wherein the reaction solution comprises an organic phase and an aqueous phase, and wherein the reaction solution is maintained at a temperature in the range of about 180° F. to about 230° F.;

(b) extracting calcium into the aqueous phase, wherein the organic phase becomes a calcium-depleted geothermal brine solution;

(c) separating the aqueous phase from the organic phase; and

(d) removing additional calcium from the calcium-depleted geothermal brine solution by extracting the calcium-depleted geothermal brine solution with an aqueous acidic scrubbing solution to form a scrubbed organic phase, wherein the aqueous acidic scrubbing solution has a manganese concentration of about 40 g/L to about 70 g/L.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous acidic scrubbing solution has a pH of between about 1 to about 5.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous acidic scrubbing solution has a pH of about 4.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous acidic scrubbing solution has an oxidation potential of between about 300 m/V and about 600 m/V.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said extracting step is performed by mixing the calcium-depleted geothermal brine solution and the aqueous acidic scrubbing solution in a mixing ratio of about 20:1 to about 5:1.

6. The method of claim 1 , step (d) is performed between two and five times.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

(e) extracting the scrubbed organic phase with an aqueous acidic stripping solution and isolating a stripped organic phase and a residual aqueous phase.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the acidic stripping solution is a manganese electrolyte solution with a manganese metal concentration between about 40 g/L and about 80 g/L, or a non-oxidizing acid, or a combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the acidic stripping solution has (a) a pH of about 1, (b) a mixing ratio of the scrubbed organic phase to the acidic stripping solution of about 3:7 to about 1:9, or (c) a pH of about 1 and a mixing ratio of about 3:7 to about 1:9.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geothermal brine solution is a zinc-depleted geothermal brine solution.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the geothermal brine solution is an iron-depleted geothermal brine solution.

12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to step (a), a step comprising contacting an iron-containing geothermal brine solution with an oxidizing agent, wherein said oxidizing agent oxidizes soluble iron in the solution to form an insoluble iron oxide precipitate, and removing the iron oxide precipitate from the solution to form the geothermal brine solution.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, or chlorine gas.

14. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

(f) contacting the residual aqueous phase with an oxidizing agent, wherein said oxidizing agent oxidizes soluble iron in the residual aqueous phase to form an insoluble iron oxide precipitate, and removing the iron oxide precipitate from the residual aqueous phase to form an iron-depleted residual aqueous phase.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the oxidizing agent is sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, or chlorine gas.

16. A method of depleting iron from a geothermal brine solution, said method comprising:

(a) contacting the geothermal brine solution with an oxidizing agent, wherein said oxidizing agent oxidizes soluble iron in the solution to form an insoluble iron oxide precipitate;

(b) removing the iron oxide precipitate from the solution to form an iron-depleted geothermal brine solution;

(c) contacting the iron-depleted geothermal brine solution with a QL reagent to create a reaction solution, wherein the QL reagent comprises a quaternary ammonium compound, a hydrogen ion exchange reagent, and an organic solvent, wherein the reaction solution comprises an organic phase and an aqueous phase, and wherein the reaction solution is maintained at a temperature in the range of about 180° F. to about 230° F.;

(d) extracting metal components into the aqueous phase, wherein the organic phase becomes a impurity-depleted geothermal brine solution; and

(e) separating the aqueous phase from the organic phase.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the metal components are calcium, manganese, or zinc metal components, or a combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the oxidizing agent is sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, or chlorine gas.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the iron precipitates as iron akageneite.

20. A method for recycling a quaternary ammonium compound in a QL reagent, said method comprising:

(a) contacting a geothermal brine solution with a QL reagent to create a reaction solution, wherein the QL reagent comprises the quaternary ammonium compound, a hydrogen ion exchange reagent, and an organic solvent, wherein the reaction solution comprises an organic phase and an aqueous phase;

(b) extracting metal components of the geothermal brine into the aqueous phase and the QL reagent into the organic phase;

(c) separating the aqueous phase from the organic phase; and

(d) neutralizing and washing the organic phase to reform the quaternary ammonium compound, wherein the reformed quaternary ammonium compound may be used in a subsequent geothermal brine extraction.