Apparatus and methods for tar removal from syngas

1. A process for reducing content of tar in a tar containing syngas, said process comprising:

contacting said tar containing syngas with a molecular oxygen containing gas in a first reaction zone to produce a gas mixture; and

passing said gas mixture through a heat treatment zone maintained at a temperature between about 900° C. to about 2000° C. for a contact time of about 0.5 to about 5 seconds wherein at least a portion of the tar undergoes at least partial oxidation and/or cracking to produce a hot syngas;

wherein the gas mixture from the first reaction zone changes direction of flow by impingement on a surface.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein said heat treatment zone is maintained at a temperature between about 1000° C. to 1500° C.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein said heat treatment zone is maintained at a temperature between about 1200° C. to 1250° C. range.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein a linear velocity of a flow of said tar containing syngas oxygen mixture at an exit of said first reaction zone is greater than about 5 meters per second.

5. The process of claim 1 further comprising introducing at least a portion of hot syngas into the first reaction zone.

6. The process of claim 4 wherein a ratio of linear velocity (meters/second) to height of the heat treatment zone (meters) is about 0.3:12.5 to about 2.0:2.5.

7. The process of claim 1 wherein the heat treatment zone comprises:

(a) a first heat treatment zone effective for thermal treatment of tar contained in the gas mixture to produce a less tar containing gas mixture; and

(b) a second heat treatment zone effective for thermal treatment of tar contained in said less tar containing gas mixture to produce hot syngas.

8. A process for producing hot syngas comprising:

treating a carbonaceous material with a molecular oxygen containing gas and optionally with one or more of steam and carbon dioxide in a gasification zone to produce a tar containing syngas;

passing said tar containing syngas and a molecular oxygen containing gas through a first reaction zone to produce a gas mixture, wherein a linear velocity of a flow of said tar containing syngas oxygen mixture at an exit of said first reaction zone is greater than about 5 meters per second; and

passing said gas mixture through a heat treatment zone maintained at a temperature of about 900° C. to about 2000° C. for a contact time of about 0.5 to about 5 seconds range wherein at least a portion of the tar undergoes one or more of partial oxidation and cracking to produce a hot syngas;

wherein the gas mixture from first reaction zone changes direction of flow by impingement on a surface,

wherein a ratio of linear velocity (meters/second) to height (meters) of the heat treatment zone is about 0.3:12.5 to about 2.0:2.5.

9. A process for reducing content of tar in a tar containing syngas comprising:

contacting said tar containing syngas with a molecular oxygen containing gas in a first reaction zone to produce a gas mixture, wherein a linear velocity of a flow of said tar containing syngas oxygen mixture at an exit of said first reaction zone is greater than about 5 meters per second; and

passing said gas mixture through a heat treatment zone at a temperature and for a time effective for reducing tar content of the syngas by at least about 10%;

wherein the gas mixture from the first reaction zone changes direction of flow by impingement on a surface,

wherein a ratio of linear velocity (meters/second) to height (meters) of the heat treatment zone is about 0.3:12.5 to about 2.0:2.5.

10. A process for reducing content of tar in a tar containing syngas, said process comprising:

contacting said tar containing syngas with a molecular oxygen containing gas in a first reaction zone to produce a gas mixture, wherein a linear velocity of a flow of said tar containing syngas oxygen mixture at an exit of said first reaction zone is greater than about 5 meters per second; and

passing said gas mixture through a heat treatment zone maintained at a temperature (T) between about 900° C. to about 2000° C. for a contact time (Ct) of about 0.5 to about 5 seconds wherein at least a portion of the tar undergoes at least partial oxidation and/or cracking to produce a hot syngas;

wherein the tar concentration equivalent content of the hot syngas is maintained at less than 10 ppm,

wherein a ratio of linear velocity (meters/second) to height (meters) of the heat treatment zone is about 0.3:12.5 to about 2.0:2.5.

11. The process of claim 10 wherein the tar concentration equivalent content of the hot syngas is maintained at less than 10 ppm through control of the temperature (T) and/or the contact time (Ct).