Copolymer-associated nanomaterial
A nanomaterial can include an outer layer including a ligand. The ligand can include a first monomer unit including a first moiety having affinity for a surface of the nanocrystal, a second monomer unit including a second moiety having a high water solubility, and a third monomer unit including a third moiety having a selectively reactive functional group or a selectively binding functional group. The ligand can be a random copolymer.
1. A nanomaterial comprising:
a nanocrystal; and
an outer layer including a ligand, wherein the ligand includes a polymer including a random copolymer including regions of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 , wherein:
R 1 has a formula -L 1 -T 1 , wherein L 1 includes alkylene terminated by —CONH—, wherein T 1 includes imidazole;
R 2 has a formula -L 2 -T 2 , wherein L 2 includes alkylene terminated by —CONH—, wherein T 2 includes —[O—CH 2 —CHR 5 ] n —R 6 , where R 5 is H, n is an integer in the range of 0 to 30, and R 6 is C 1 to C 6 alkoxy;
R 3 has a formula -L 3 -T 3 , wherein L 3 includes alkylene terminated by —CONH—, wherein T 3 includes —[O—CH 2 —CHR 7 ] m —R 8 , where R 7 is H, m is an integer in the range of 0 to 30, and R 8 is C 1 to C 6 aminoalkyl.
2. A method of making a ligand, comprising:
mixing a first monomer or oligomer including R 1 ; a second monomer or oligomer including R 2 ; and a third monomer or oligomer including R 3 ; wherein:
R 1 has a formula -L 1 -T 1 , wherein L 1 includes alkylene terminated by —CONH—, wherein T 1 includes imidazole;
R 2 has a formula -L 2 -T 2 wherein L 2 includes alkylene terminated by —CONH—, wherein T 2 includes —[O—CH 2 —CHR 5 ] n —R 6 , where R 5 is H, n is an integer in the range of 0 to 30, and R 6 is C 1 to C 6 alkoxy;
R 3 has the formula -L 3 -T 3 , wherein L 3 includes alkylene terminated by —CONH—, wherein T 3 includes —[O—CH 2 —CHR 7 ] m —R 8 , where R 7 is H, in is an integer in the range of 0 to 30, and R 8 is C 1 to C 5 aminoalkyl; and
forming a ligand from the first monomer oligomer, the second monomer or oligomer, and the third monomer oligomer.
3. A ligand including a polymer including a random copolymer including regions having each of the following formulae:
wherein
R 1 has a formula -L 1 -T 1 , wherein L 1 includes alkylene terminated by —CONH—, wherein T 1 includes imidazole:
R 2 has the formula -L 2 -T 2 , wherein for L 2 includes alkylene terminated by —CONH—, wherein T 2 includes —[O—CH 2 —CHR 5 ] n —R 6 , where R 5 is H, n is an integer in the range of 0 to 30, and R 6 is C 1 to C 6 alkoxy;
R 3 has the formula -L 3 -T 3 , wherein L 3 includes alkylene terminated by —CONH—, wherein T 3 includes —[O—CH 2 —CHR 7 ] m —R 8 , where R 7 is H, m is an integer in the range of 0 to 30, and R 8 is C 1 to C 6 aminoalkyl;
each of R a , R b , and R c , independently, is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy; and
each of x, y, and z, independently, a positive integer.
4. A method of making a nonmaterial, comprising: contacting the ligand of claim 3 with a nanocrystal.
5. The nanomaterial of claim 1 , wherein L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 are each independently —C(O)NH—(CH 2 ) i — wherein i is an integer in the range of 0 to 6.
6. The nanomaterial of claim 1 , wherein n is an integer in the range of 5 to 25 and R 6 is H, methyl, or ethyl.
7. The nanomaterial of claim 1 , wherein m is an integer in the range of 0 to 10.
8. The nanomaterial of claim 1 , wherein the nanocrystal is a semiconductor nanocrystal.
9. An aqueous nanomaterial suspension comprising the nanomaterial of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous nanomaterial suspension remains stable as an aqueous suspension when stored under ambient conditions for at least 2 months.