Treatment of atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) related diseases by inhibition of natural antisense transcript to ATOH1

1. A method of upregulating a function of and/or the expression of an Atonal homolog (ATOH1) polynucleotide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 in a biological system comprising: contacting said system with at least one single stranded antisense oligonucleotide 15 to 30 nucleotides in length wherein said at least one oligonucleotide has at least 80% sequence identity to a 15 to 30 nucleotide region of a reverse complement of a natural antisense of said Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide: thereby upregulating a function of and/or the expression of the Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide.

2. A method of upregulating a function of and/or the expression of an Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 in a biological system according to claim 1 comprising: contacting said biological system with at least one single stranded antisense oligonucleotide 15 to 30 nucleotides in length wherein said at least one oligonucleotide has at least 80% sequence identity to a reverse complement of a polynucleotide comprising 15 to 30 consecutive nucleotides within the natural antisense transcript nucleotides 1 to 589 of SEQ ID NO: 2; thereby upregulating a function of and/or the expression of the Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide.

3. A method of upregulating a function of and/or the expression of an Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide or encoded product thereof selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 in patient cells or tissues in vivo or in vitro comprising: contacting said cells or tissues with at least one single stranded antisense oligonucleotide 15 to 30 nucleotides in length wherein said oligonucleotide has at least 80% sequence identity to a 15 to 30 nucleotide region of an RNA transcribed from the Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide; thereby upregulating a function of and/or the expression of the Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide in patient cells or tissues in vivo or in vitro.

4. A method of upregulating a function of and/or the expression of an Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide having SEQ ID NO: 1 in patient cells or tissues according to claim 3 comprising: contacting said biological system with at least one single stranded antisense oligonucleotide 15 to 25 nucleotides in length wherein said at least one oligonucleotide has at least 90% sequence identity to 15 to 25 consecutive nucleotides of an RNA transcribed from a ATOH1 polynucleotide thereby upregulating a function of and/or the expression of the Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide.

5. A method of upregulating a function of and/or the expression of an Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide having SEQ ID NO: 1 in a biological system comprising: contacting said system with at least one single stranded antisense oligonucleotide of about 10 to 30 nucleotides in length that is a complement of and specifically targets a region of a natural antisense oligonucleotide of the Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide: thereby binding to said natural antisense oligonucleotide and upregulating a function of and/or the expression of the Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein a function of and/or the expression of the Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) is increased in vivo or in vitro with respect to a control.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one antisense oligonucleotide targets a natural antisense sequence of an Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide having SEQ ID NO: 2.

8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one antisense oligonucleotide targets a natural antisense polynucleotide antisense to coding and/or non-coding nucleic acid sequences of an Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide.

9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one antisense oligonucleotide targets a natural antisense polynucleotide having overlapping and/or non-overlapping sequences with an Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide.

10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one antisense oligonucleotide comprises one or more modifications selected from: at least one modified sugar moiety, at least one modified internucleoside linkage, at least one modified nucleotide, and combinations thereof.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more modifications comprise at least one modified sugar moiety selected from: a 2′-O-methoxyethyl modified sugar moiety, a 2′-methoxy modified sugar moiety, a 2′-O-alkyl modified sugar moiety, a bicyclic sugar moiety, and combinations thereof.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more modifications comprise at least one modified internucleoside linkage selected from: a phosphorothioate, alkylphosphonate, phosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonothioate, phosphoramidate, carbamate, carbonate, phosphate triester, acetamidate, carboxymethyl ester, and combinations thereof.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more modifications comprise at least one modified nucleotide selected from: a peptide nucleic acid (PNA), a locked nucleic acid (LNA), an arabino-nucleic acid (FANA), an analogue, a derivative, and combinations thereof.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oligonucleotide comprises at least one oligonucleotide sequences set forth as SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 4.

15. A method of upregulating a function of and/or the expression of Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) in mammalian cells or tissues in vivo or in vitro comprising: contacting said cells or tissues with at least one single stranded antisense oligonucleotide of about 12 to 30 nucleotides in length specific for noncoding sequences of a natural antisense strand of an Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) polynucleotide wherein said at least one antisense oligonucleotide has at least 50% sequence identity to at least one nucleic acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOS: 1 or a pre-RNA of said SEQ ID NO: 1; and, upregulating the function and/or expression of the Atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) in mammalian cells or tissues in vivo or in vitro.