Wind turbine control method
The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling a wind turbine of the type including a rotor, a generator, a frequency converter, a control unit and means for connecting to a wind farm grid, using means for receiving a local voltage reference value (V REF ) and a regulator ( 1 ) which calculates the reactive power to be generated (Q T ) as a function of the voltage error (ΔV), such that it can be operated over the entire voltage range. The system also includes: at least one saturator element ( 2, 6, 7 ) in which the reactive power to be generated is limited, whereby the limits (Q —MAX , Q —MIN , Q C — MAX, Q C — MIN , Q S — MAX , Q S — MIN ) are calculated dynamically as a function of the voltage, this block outputting a reference reactive power of the wind turbine (Q —REF , Q C — REF , Q s — REF ); and an element ( 3 ) for calculating the actual limit of the active power (P MAX ) as a function of the pre-limited reactive power (Q —REF , Q s — REF ) and the apparent power available at that moment.
1. A wind turbine control method of at least one wind turbine comprising a rotor, a generator, a frequency converter, a control unit and means for connecting each wind turbine to a wind farm grid, said method comprising the steps, for each wind turbine, of:
calculation of a voltage error (ΔV) based on a local voltage set point (V REF ) and a local measured voltage (V MED ), and
calculation of an initial set point of reactive power (Q T ) to be generated based on the voltage error (ΔV),
wherein said method further comprises the following steps of:
limitation of the initial set point of reactive power (Q T ) by applying limits (Q —MAX , Q —MIN ) calculated on the basis of the local measured voltage (V MED ), thus obtaining at least one final set point of reactive power (Q —REF );
calculation of an apparent power available based on the local measured voltage (V MED ); and
calculation of a maximum limit of active power (P —MAX ) depending on the final set point of reactive power (Q —REF ) and the apparent power available.
2. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 1 , further comprising the step, for each wind turbine, of generating the local voltage set point (V REF ) based on an error between a primary set point of reactive power (Q i ) and the reactive power generated by the wind turbine (Q i — MED ).
3. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 2 , wherein each wind turbine comprises a doubly fed induction generator and the initial set point reactive power to be generated by each wind turbine (Q T ) is divided into two set points, an initial set point of reactive power to be generated by the generator stator (Q S ) and an initial set point of reactive power to be generated by the grid-side converter (Q C ), being distributed based on a distribution parameter (α distribution ) which optimizes the temperature of the electrical system components.
4. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 3 , wherein the reactive power limits (Q —MAX , Q —MIN , Q C — MAX , Q C — MIN , Q S — MAX , Q S — MIN ) are applied to the initial set point of reactive power to be generated by the stator (Q S ) and the initial set point of reactive power to be generated by the grid-side converter (Q C ), thus obtaining a final set point of reactive power to be generated by the stator (Q S — REF ) and a final set point of reactive power to be generated by the converter (Q C — REF ).
5. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 2 , wherein the primary set point of reactive power (Q i ) is provided by a wind farm controller through a wind farm communication network.
6. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 2 , wherein the primary set point of reactive power (Q i ) is calculated based on the error between the voltage measurement at the wind farm connection point (V PCC ) and a voltage set point at the connection point (V PCC — REF ), and the voltage measurement at the connection point (V PCC ) is received through a wind farm communication network.
7. A wind turbine comprising a rotor, a generator, a frequency converter, a control unit and means for connecting to the wind farm grid wherein said control unit is adjusted to implement a method according to claim 1 .
8. The wind farm control method of at least two wind turbines according to claim 1 , further comprising the following steps of:
measurement of the voltage at the wind farm connection point (V PCC ),
calculation of a reactive power set point (Q i ) according to the difference between the voltage at the wind farm connection point (V PCC ) and a voltage set point (V PCC — REF ), and
sending the reactive power set point (Q i ) to the wind turbines through a wind farm communication network.
9. A wind turbine control method of at least one wind turbine comprising a rotor, a generator, a frequency converter, a control unit and means for connecting each wind turbine to a wind farm grid, said method comprising the steps, for each wind turbine, of:
calculation of a voltage error (ΔV) based on a local voltage set point (V REF ) and a local measured voltage (V MED ), and
calculation of an initial set point of reactive power (Q T ) to be generated based on the voltage error (ΔV),
wherein said method further comprises the following steps of:
limitation of the initial set point of reactive power (Q T ) by applying limits (Q —MAX , Q —MIN ) calculated on the basis of the local measured voltage (V MED ), thus obtaining at least one final set point of reactive power (Q —REF );
calculation of a maximum limit of active power (P —MAX ) depending on the final set point of reactive power (Q —REF ) and the apparent power available; and
generating the local voltage set point (V REF ) based on an error between a primary set point of reactive power (Q i ) and the reactive power generated by the wind turbine (Q i —MED ),
wherein terminals of each wind turbine are connected to the wind farm grid through a transformer, and the local voltage set point (V REF ) corresponds to a reference of the wind farm grid voltage (V BUS ), the voltage error (ΔV) being calculated as the difference between the local voltage set point (V REF ) and an estimated wind farm grid voltage (V BUS—EST ), the estimated wind farm grid voltage (V BUS — EST ) being calculated based on a transformer model and on voltage, current and power factor measurements at the terminals of the wind turbine.
10. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 9 , wherein the initial set point of reactive power (Q T ) is limited by applying limits calculated on the basis of the transformer model and on voltage, current and power factor measurements and said limits being such that the machine terminal voltage limits are not exceeded.
11. A wind turbine control method of at least one wind turbine comprising a rotor, a generator, a frequency converter, a control unit and means for connecting each wind turbine to a wind farm grid, said method comprising the steps, for each wind turbine, of:
calculation of a voltage error (ΔV) based on a local voltage set point (V REF ) and a local measured voltage (V MED ), and
calculation of an initial set point of reactive power (Q T ) to be generated based on the voltage error (ΔV),
wherein said method further comprises the following steps of:
limitation of the initial set point of reactive power (Q T ) by applying limits (Q —MAX , Q —MIN ) calculated on the basis of the local measured voltage (V MED ), thus obtaining at least one final set point of reactive power (Q —REF );
calculation of a maximum limit of active power (P —MAX ) depending on the final set point of reactive power (Q —REF ) and the apparent power available; and
limiting the power extracted from the wind depending on a maximum limit of active power (P —MAX ) that can be evacuated to the grid by correcting the blade angle in the basis of the maximum limit of active power (P —MAX ) that can be evacuated to the grid and an indicative value of the available mechanical power (P —MEC ).
12. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 11 , wherein the correcting of the blade angle comprises the step of calculating a correction term of the blade angle (Δβ) which is based on the difference between the maximum limit of active power (P —MAX ) that can be evacuated to the grid and an indicative value of the available mechanical power (P —MEC ).
13. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 12 , wherein said indicative value of the available mechanical power (P —MEC ) is calculated according to the power generated at the moment before a sudden decrease of the maximum limit of active power (P MAX ).
14. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 13 , wherein the torque or power set point is calculated according to the correction of the blade angle (Δβ).
15. The wind turbine control method, according to claim 14 , wherein said calculation of the correction term of the blade angle (Δβ) is further performed depending on the current angle of the blade (β).