Antimicrobial composition
An antimicrobial composition prepared by mixing a polymer-ammonium salt formulation comprising one or more polymers and one or more ammonium salts with alkali and a chlorine source in a molar ratio of chlorine (as Cl 2 ) to ammonium ion of about 1:10 to about 10:1 and methods of using the composition to control biofouling of aqueous systems.
1. A method of inhibiting growth of microorganisms in an aqueous system comprising treating the system with an effective inhibiting amount of an antimicrobial composition, the antimicrobial composition comprising one or more ammonium salts and a nonionic dispersant to form an aqueous polymer-ammonium salt dispersion comprising one or more polymers linked to one or more ammonium salts, and mixing the aqueous polymer-ammonium salt dispersion with a chlorine source in a molar ratio of chlorine (as Cl 2 ) to ammonium ion of about 1:10 to about 10:1 relative to the amount of chlorine present after complete conversion of the chlorine source and sufficient alkali to result in a composition which exhibits effective antimicrobial activity in an industrial water system being treated, wherein the aqueous system is a papermaking system and the microorganisms are the sort of microorganisms that infest papermaking systems, wherein the antimicrobial composition is prepared prior to adding to the system, wherein the pH is at least 7 and wherein the polymer-ammonium salt reacts with the converted chlorine such that the resulting composition displays less than 10% oxidant loss and more than 80% of the oxidant persists in a stabilized form for at least 3 minutes.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said polymers have a weight average molecular weight greater than 100,000 g/mole.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said chlorine source is selected from the group consisting of chlorine gas and sodium hypochlorite.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a pH of at least 7.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium acetate, ammonium formate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium hydroxide and mixtures thereof.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said dispersion of one or more polymers in an aqueous ammonium salt solution has a reduced specific viscosity in 1 N NaNO 3 solution of about 0.5 to about 30 dL/g.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the composition has a pH greater than 10.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride and mixtures thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the molar ratio of chlorine (as Cl 2 ) to ammonium ion of about 1:3 to about 3:1 relative to the amount of chlorine present after complete conversion of the chlorine source.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said composition further comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (meth)acrylamide and one or more monomers selected from diallyldimethylammonium chloride, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt, (meth)acrylic acid and its salts and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said substance has a charge of about 2 to about 30 mole percent.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said ammonium salt is ammonium sulfate.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the molar ratio of chlorine (as Cl 2 ) to ammonium ion of about 1:1 relative to the amount of chlorine present after complete conversion of the chlorine source.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the composition has a pH greater than 12.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein said ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride and mixtures thereof.