Toner compositions
A process includes forming particles in a latex by emulsion polymerization of a mixture including one or more monomers in an emulsion, and about 4 percent or less by weight of the mixture of a non-surfactant-based charge control agent, the non-surfactant-based charge control agent is distributed within a matrix of the particles, and forming toner particles from the particles in the latex, the toner particles supporting a sufficient triboelectric charge for use under A-zone environmental conditions in a single-component development system.
1. A process comprising:
forming particles in a latex by emulsion polymerization of a mixture comprising:
one or more monomers in an emulsion; and
less than about 4 percent by weight of the mixture of a non-surfactant-based charge control agent, wherein the non-surfactant-based charge control agent is distributed within a matrix of the particles; and
forming toner particles from the particles in the latex, wherein the particles in the latex are used to form a shell of the toner particles and further wherein the toner particles support a sufficient triboelectric charge for use under A-zone environmental conditions in a single-component development system.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the non-surfactant-based charge control agent is present at a concentration of less than about 3 percent by weight of the mixture.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the non-surfactant-based charge control agent is present at a concentration of less than about 2 percent by weight of the mixture.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the non-surfactant-based charge control agent is present at a concentration of less than about 1 percent by weight of the mixture.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the toner particles support a sufficient charge for use under C-zone environmental conditions in a single-component development system.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the toner particles are negatively charged.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sufficient triboelectric charge for use under A-zone environmental conditions is in a range from about −20 microcoulombs/gram to −100 microcoulombs/gram.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the non-surfactant-based charge control agent is a metal salicylate.
9. The process of claim 6 , wherein the metal salicylate comprises zinc or aluminum.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the non-surfactant-based charge control agent is hydrophobic.
11. The process of claim 1 , comprising forming a core of the toner particles from the particles in the latex.
12. The process of claim 1 , comprising forming a core and shell from the particles in the latex.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the one or more monomers comprises a styrene, an acrylate, a methacrylate, a butadiene, an isoprene, an acrylic acid, a methacrylic acid, an acrylonitrile, and combinations thereof.
14. A process comprising
polymerizing by emulsion polymerization a mixture comprising:
one or more monomers in an emulsion;
about 1 percent or less by weight of the mixture of a negatively charged charge control agent;
wherein the polymerizing step provides a latex with the non-surfactant-based charge control agent distributed within a matrix of the latex; and
forming by emulsion aggregation/coalescence a plurality of toner particles, wherein the latex is used to form a shell of the toner particles and further
wherein the plurality of toner particles support a sufficient triboelectric charge for use under A-zone environmental conditions in a single-component development system.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of toner particles support a sufficient charge for use under C-zone environmental conditions in a single-component development system.
16. The process of claim 14 , wherein the negatively charged charge control agent is a metal salicylate.
17. The process of claim 12 , wherein the sufficient triboelectric charge for use under A-zone environmental conditions is in a range from about −20 microcoulombs/gram to −100 microcoulombs/gram.