Methods and apparatus for flow restoration
Methods for restoring blood flow in occluded blood vessels using an apparatus having a self expandable distal segment that is pre-formed to assume a superimposed structure in an unconstrained condition but can be made to take on a volume-reduced form making it possible to introduce it with a microcatheter and a push wire arranged at the proximal end, with the distal segment in its superimposed structure assuming the form of a longitudinally open tube and having a mesh structure of interconnected strings or filaments or struts. In a preferred embodiment, the distal segment has a tapering structure at its proximal end where the strings or filaments or struts converge at a connection point.
1. A self-expandable apparatus for removal of a thrombus in a blood vessel, comprising:
a tubular structure having a proximal end and a distal end, the structure having (a) a distal portion comprising a first plurality of cells, (b) a proximal portion comprising a second plurality of cells,(c) a first diameter at the distal end, and (d) a second diameter at the proximal end, the distal portion having a distally widening taper at a distal end portion of the distal portion such that the first diameter is greater than the second diameter, the apparatus further comprising a connection point located at a proximal end of the proximal portion wherein the proximal portion converges at the connection point, the apparatus further comprising two edges extending parallel to a longitudinal axis of the structure, wherein the structure is configured to assume an expanded configuration at the place of implantation, and wherein the structure is configured to be modified into a volume-reduced configuration for insertion within a microcatheter, the volume-reduced configuration having a smaller cross-sectional dimension than the expanded configuration, the two edges being overlapped in the volume-reduced configuration, wherein the structure is configured to expand into the thrombus when transitioning from the volume-reduced configuration to the expanded configuration.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the structure comprises radiopaque markers having a spiral or eyelet shape.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the structure is bent and extends distally at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the structure.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , the structure comprising a first plurality of cells at a proximal portion, a second plurality of cells at a tapered portion, and wherein the distal end of the structure comprises a third plurality of cells and wherein said third plurality of cells has a smaller cell size than the second plurality of cells.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the structure comprises one or more pegs and/or hooks.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the structure further comprises the addition of synthetic fibers.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the distal end of the structure has been heated for a sufficient time to provide increased radial strength.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the structure is coated with an anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the structure is further coated with a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer to provide for sustained release of the anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the structure comprises reservoirs to hold an anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug.