Methods for diagnosing and treating eye-length related disorders

1. A method of treating myopia comprising:

a) obtaining a biological sample comprising L-opsin and M-opsin nucleic acids from a human patient with an eye-length related disorder;

b) detecting in the biological sample the nucleotides encoding codons 153, 171, 178, 180, and 236 of the L-opsin gene and the nucleotides encoding codons 153, 171, 178, and 180 of the M-opsin gene and identifying a human patient with an L:M opsin haplotype encoded by the nucleotides detected in the biological sample selected from the group consisting of:

(i) (A) L-Opsin: methionine at position 153, isoleucine at position 171 and position 178, serine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171 and at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(ii) (A) L-Opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, serine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171 and at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(iii) (A) L-Opsin: leucine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, serine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171 and at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(iv) (A) L-Opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, serine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(v) (A) L-Opsin: leucine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, alanine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(vi) (A) L-Opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, alanine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(vii) (A) L-Opsin: leucine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, serine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: leucine or methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(viii) (A) L-Opsin: leucine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, serine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(ix) (A) L-Opsin: leucine at position 153, isoleucine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, serine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, valine at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(x) (A) L-Opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, valine at position 178, alanine at position 180, and valine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(xi) (A) L-Opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, serine at position 180, and valine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, valine at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(xii) (A) L-Opsin: leucine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, serine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: leucine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, and serine at position 180; and

(xiii) (A) L-Opsin: leucine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, alanine at position 180, and methionine at position 236; and (B) M-opsin: leucine or methionine at position 153, valine at position 171, isoleucine at position 178, and alanine at position 180;

(c) determining the L:M cone ratio in an eye of the patient;

(d) calculating a predicted spherical equivalent refraction (SER) that is a negative diopter in the human patient by scaling a spherical equivalent refraction based on the L:M opsin haplotype according to the L:M cone ratio; and

(e) treating myopia in the human patient with a therapeutic device comprising a wavelength-dependent filter to treat the eye-length mediated disorder.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wavelength-dependent filter blocks red light.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wavelength-dependent filter blocks green light.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wavelengths filtered by the wavelength-dependent filter are selected based on the predicted SER of the human patient.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic device is a pair of spectacles comprising blur-inducing lenses.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the blur-inducing lenses induce blurring by one or more of: small bumps or depressions in one or both surfaces of the lenses; inclusions within the lenses of a material different from the lens material; incorporation of higher-level aberrations in the lenses; and coatings or films applied to one or both surfaces of the lenses that produce blur by diffraction scatter or diffusion.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic device comprises blur-inducing contact lenses.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the blur-inducing contact lenses induce blurring by one or more of: inclusions within the lenses of a material different from the lens material; incorporation of higher-level aberrations in the lenses; and coatings or films applied to one or both surfaces of the lenses that produce blur by diffraction scatter or diffusion.