Video streaming
A video sequence is to be transmitted at a selectable quality from a server over a network. A network control protocol operates in response to a control parameter to allocate to the server a share of available transmission capacity in proportion to the value of the control parameter. First, one determines a plurality of transmission rate values that are needed over successive time periods of the sequence for successful transmission of the sequence at a reference quality; then the control parameter is set, proportional to the transmission rate value and communicated to the control protocol at corresponding time instants. The sequences can then be transmitted, encoded at a quality from time to time selected in dependence upon the actual transmission capacity made available by the network to the server.
1. A method of transmitting a video sequence at a selectable quality from a server over a network, using a network control protocol operable in response to a control parameter to allocate to the server a share of available transmission capacity in proportion to the value of the control parameter, comprising:
(a) performing pre-processing of the video sequence to be transmitted based on statistical analysis of video sequences encoded at an encoder in communication with the server, comprising:
(a1) selecting a predetermined reference quality;
(a2) determining a transmission rate value as the transmission rate needed for successful transmission of the video sequence at the selected reference quality; and
(b) following said pre-processing of the video sequence, transmitting the video sequence, comprising:
(b1) setting the control parameter proportional to the determined transmission rate value;
(b2) providing the control parameter to the control protocol; and then
(b3) transmitting the video sequence, encoded at a quality adapted in dependence upon the transmission capacity allocated to the server as a result of the provided control parameter.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which the transmission rate value is determined by
(a) dividing the sequence into segments, wherein
the first segment is a portion at the beginning of the sequence which has an average number of coded bits per frame which is greater than or equal to the average number of coded bits per frame of any shorter such portion, and wherein
each succeeding segment is a portion immediately following the preceding segment which has an average number of coded bits per frame which is greater than or equal to the average number of coded bits per frame of any shorter such portion; and
(b) determining a bit rate for each segment.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein
the first segment of the sequence is that portion at the beginning of the sequence which has an average number of coded bits per frame which is greater than or equal to the average number of coded bits per frame of any shorter such portion, and wherein
each succeeding segment is that portion immediately following the preceding segment which has an average number of coded bits per frame which is greater than or equal to the average number of coded bits per frame of any possible such portion.
4. A method of transmitting a first video sequence and a second video sequence over a network in a temporally overlapping manner, comprising
transmitting the first video sequence over the network using the method of claim 1 ; and
transmitting the second video sequence over the network using the method of claim 1 ;
wherein the reference quality is the same for both sequences and ratio of the control parameter to the transmission rate value is the same for both sequences.
5. A method according to claim 1 in which
the control parameter is the ratio of the respective transmission rate value to a reference transmission rate determined from a statistical analysis of training sequences encoded at the reference quality.
6. A computer system, comprising
a computer processor, for transmitting a video sequence at a selectable quality over a network, using a network control protocol operable in response to a control parameter to allocate a share of available transmission capacity in proportion to the value of the control parameter, the computer system being configured to at least:
(a) perform pre-processing of the video sequence to be transmitted based on statistical analysis of video sequences encoded at an encoder in communication with a server, comprising:
(a1) selecting a predetermined reference quality;
(a2) determining a transmission rate value as the transmission rate needed for successful transmission of the video sequence at the selected reference quality; and
(b) following said pre-processing of the video sequence, transmit the video sequence, comprising:
(b1) setting the control parameter proportional to the determined transmission rate value;
(b2) providing the control parameter to the control protocol; and then
(b3) transmitting the video sequence, encoded at a quality adapted in dependence upon the transmission capacity allocated as a result of the provided control parameter.
7. The computer system according to claim 6 in which
the computer system is further configured, so that the transmission rate value is determined, to:
(a) divide the sequence into segments, wherein the first segment is a portion at the beginning of the sequence which has an average number of coded bits per frame which is greater than or equal to the average number of coded bits per frame of any shorter such portion, and wherein
each succeeding segment is a portion immediately following the preceding segment which has an average number of coded bits per frame which is greater than or equal to the average number of coded bits per frame of any shorter such portion; and
(b) determine a bit rate for each segment.
8. The computer system according to claim 7 wherein
the first segment of the sequence is that portion at the beginning of the sequence which has an average number of coded bits per frame which is greater than or equal to the average number of coded bits per frame of any shorter such portion, and wherein
each succeeding segment is that portion immediately following the preceding segment which has an average number of coded bits per frame which is greater than or equal to the average number of coded bits per frame of any possible such portion.
9. The computer system of claim 6 , wherein
the computer system is further configured to:
transmit a first video sequence over the network using steps (a)-(e); and
transmit a second video sequence over the network using steps (a)-(e);
wherein the reference quality is the same for both sequences and ratio of the control parameter to the transmission rate value is the same for both sequences; and wherein
the first video sequence and the second video sequence are transmitted over the network in a temporally overlapping manner.
10. The computer system according to claim 6 in which
the control parameter is the ratio of the respective transmission rate value to a reference transmission rate determined from a statistical analysis of training sequences encoded at the reference quality.