Electrode configured for turbulence

1. An energy storage system comprising:

a cell having a flow chamber for receiving electrolyte; and

an electrode positioned in the cell, the electrode including a base plate having a generally planar portion and a plurality of partially cutout portions partially cut out from the generally planar portion to define a plurality of openings in the base plate, each cutout portion being attached to the generally planar portion and having a projecting part that extends away from the generally planar portion, wherein the openings and the cutout portions are configured to enhance mixing of the electrolyte when the electrolyte is received in the flow chamber.

2. The energy storage system of claim 1 wherein the projecting parts of the electrode extend in different directions.

3. The energy storage system of claim 1 wherein the projecting parts of the electrode extend generally in the same direction.

4. The energy storage system of claim 1 wherein each cutout portion defines a ramp.

5. The energy storage system of claim 1 further comprising an ion-permeable separator arranged in the cell, wherein the cutout portions are engaged with the separator for supporting the separator.

6. The energy storage system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the cutout portions is corrugated.

7. The energy storage system of claim 1 wherein each projecting part is bent away from the generally planar portion of the base plate.

8. The energy storage system of claim 1 further comprising a barrier layer attached to the electrode such that the barrier layer is spaced away from the generally planar portion of the base plate, the barrier layer and the generally planar portion of the base plate defining an additional flow chamber for receiving the electrolyte such that the electrolyte may flow on first and second sides of the generally planar portion of the base plate, wherein the base plate is positioned between the flow chamber and the additional flow chamber.

9. The energy storage system of claim 8 wherein the projecting part of one of the cutout portions extends into the flow chamber, and the projecting part of another one of the cutout portions extends into the additional flow chamber.

10. The energy storage system of claim 1 further comprising an additional electrode attached to the electrode such that the additional electrode is spaced away from the generally planar portion of the base plate, and a barrier layer disposed between the electrode and the additional electrode, wherein the barrier layer and the generally planar portion of the base plate define an additional flow chamber for receiving the electrolyte such that the electrolyte may flow on first and second sides of the generally planar portion of the base plate.

11. The energy storage system of claim 10 wherein the cutout portions include multiple first cutout portions and multiple second cutout portions, and the projecting part of each first cutout portion extends into the flow chamber, and the projecting part of each second cutout portion extends into the additional flow chamber.

12. The energy storage system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the cutout portions has an aperture for allowing the electrolyte to flow through the at least one cutout portion.

13. An energy storage system comprising:

a cell having a flow chamber for receiving electrolyte, an inlet for introducing the electrolyte into the flow chamber and an outlet for allowing the electrolyte to exit the flow chamber; and

an electrode assembly positioned in the cell, the electrode assembly including a base plate having a generally planar portion and a plurality of partially cutout portions partially cut out from the generally planar portion to define a plurality of openings in the base plate, the electrode assembly further including a barrier layer attached to the base plate such that barrier layer is spaced away from the generally planar portion to define an additional flow chamber for receiving the electrolyte, wherein the openings vary in size between the inlet and the outlet of the cell, each cutout portion is attached to the generally planar portion and has a projecting part that extends away from the generally planar portion, and the openings and the cutout portions are configured to allow the electrolyte to flow on first and second sides of the generally planar portion of the base plate.

14. An electrode for use with an energy storage system having a cell including a flow chamber configured to receive an electrolyte, the electrode comprising:

a base plate having a generally planar portion and a plurality of partially cutout portions partially cut out from the generally planar portion to define a plurality of openings in the base plate, each cutout portion being attached to the generally planar portion and having a projecting part that extends away from the generally planar portion, wherein the openings and the cutout portions are configured to enhance mixing of electrolyte that flows through the flow chamber of the cell.

15. The electrode of claim 14 further comprising an electroplated layer applied over the base plate.

16. The electrode of claim 14 wherein the projecting parts extend in different directions.

17. The electrode of claim 14 wherein the projecting parts extend generally in the same direction.

18. The electrode of claim 14 wherein each cutout portion defines a ramp.

19. The electrode of claim 14 wherein at least one of the cutout portions is corrugated.

20. The electrode of claim 14 wherein the generally planar portion has first and second sides, and wherein the cut out portions include multiple first cut out portions that protrude from the first side and multiple second cut out portions that protrude from the second side.