Synthesis of cyclometallated platinum(II) complexes
A single-step method of making tetradentate platinum complexes is disclosed. The method advantageously allows the formation of a platinum complex in a single step, even with sterically hindered ligands, without the use of highly reactive intermediates. The compounds made by the disclosed method are useful in OLED applications.
1. A method of preparing a metal complex comprising:
(a) combining at least one ligand L with a metal precursor to form a mixture;
wherein the ligand L is at least bidentate;
wherein the metal precursor is a Pt compound containing at least one bidentate ligand L′;
wherein no halogen is directly connected to the Pt;
(b) reacting the mixture to form a reaction product;
wherein the reaction product is a tetradentate complex having at least two atoms from ligand L bonded to the Pt, wherein ligand L has at least two anionic carbon donor atoms bonded to the Pt;
(c) recovering the reaction product from the mixture, wherein ligand L has the formula:
wherein rings A, B, C, and D are each independently a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
wherein L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , and L 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, BR, NR, PR, O, S, Se, C═O, S═O, SO 2 , CRR′, SiRR′, and GeRR′;
wherein m 2 and m 3 are 1 and m 4 is 0 or 1;
wherein Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , and Z 4 are CH or N;
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 may represent mono-, di-, tri-, or tetra-substitutions, or no substitution;
wherein R, R′, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;
wherein two adjacent substituents of R, R′, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are optionally joined to form a fused ring.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein m2, m3, and m4 are 1, and the ligand L has the formula:
Formula IV.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein m2 and m3 are 1, and m4 is 0, and the ligand L has the formula:
Formula V.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein rings A, B, C, and D are independently selected from the group consisting of benzene, pyridine, imidazole, and pyrazole.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of ring A, B, C, and D is benzene.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein two of Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are CH, and two of Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are N.
7. A method of preparing a metal complex comprising:
(a) combining at least one ligand L with a metal precursor to form a mixture;
wherein each ligand L is at least bidentate, wherein the at least one ligand L comprises at least two anionic carbon donor atoms;
wherein the metal precursor is a Pt compound containing at least one bidentate ligand L′;
wherein no halogen is directly connected to the Pt;
(b) reacting the mixture to form a reaction product;
wherein the reaction product comprises a tetradentate complex having at least two atoms from ligand L bonded to the Pt, wherein the at least two anionic carbon donor atoms bond to the Pt during the reacting step; and
(c) recovering the reaction product from the mixture wherein the metal precursor is a Pt (acac) 2 compound.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein ligand L′is a bidentate ligand having coordination atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, and P.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the coordination atoms are selected from the group consisting of O and S.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the coordination atoms are O.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein ligand L′ has the formula:
Formula VII, and
wherein R x , R y , and R z are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein R x , R y , and R z , are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydrogen, deuterium, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein R z , is hydrogen or deuterium, and R x and R y are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, CH(CH 3 ) 2 , and CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein R x and R y are methyl.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction time is at least 30 hours.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ligand L has the formula selected from:
wherein R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aikynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof.