Apparatus and methods for treating pulmonary hypertension
A method is described for decreasing activity of at least one sympathetic nerve, nerve fiber or neuron innervating at least one blood vessel in the pulmonary vasculature of a patient to ameliorate pulmonary hypertension. In one embodiment, the method may involve advancing an intravascular treatment device to a target location in a target blood vessel within the pulmonary vasculature of the patient and using the treatment device to decrease activity of at least one sympathetic nerve, nerve fiber or neuron innervating the target blood vessel at or near the target location to ameliorate pulmonary hypertension.
1. A method of decreasing sympathetic nerve activity in pulmonary vasculature of a patient to treat pulmonary hypertension, the method comprising:
advancing a denervation catheter to a target location in a pulmonary artery of the patient;
changing a shape of an energy delivery portion of the catheter to circumferentially contact an inner wall of the pulmonary artery with the catheter; and
delivering energy from the energy delivery portion for a defined period of time to at least partially destroy at least one sympathetic nerve innervating the pulmonary artery at or near the target location to treat pulmonary hypertension.
2. A method as in claim 1 , wherein delivering energy comprises delivering energy selected from the group consisting of radiofrequency, ultrasound, microwave, light, heat, cold radiation, phototherapy, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, cryotherapy, plasma, mechanical, chemical, kinetic, potential, nuclear, elastic and hydrodynamic energy.
3. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the denervation catheter comprises a substance delivery catheter, and wherein the method further comprises delivering a substance selected from the group consisting of saline, phenol, ethanol, vincristine, an antineoplastic drug, botulinum toxin, neurotoxins, anesthetic agents, depolarizing agents, non-depolarizing agents, bupivacaine, lidocaine, anesthetic agents, and agents capable of reducing nerve signal transmission.
4. A method as in claim 1 , wherein at least partially destroying the nerve comprises altering the nerve by at least one mechanism selected from the group consisting of irreversible electroporation, necrosis, apoptosis, gene expression alteration, cytokine up regulation or downregulation alteration, ablation, electrofusion and combinations thereof.