Process of producing cycloalkylcarboxamido-indole compounds

1. A method for preparing a compound of formula IV:

wherein, independently for each occurrence:

ring A is a fused cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring;

R 1 and R 2 is independently selected from —R J , —OR J , —N(R J ) 2 , —NO 2 , halogen, —CN, —C 1-4 haloalkyl, —C 1-4 haloalkoxy, —C(O)N(R J ) 2 , —NR J C(O)R J , —SOR J , —SO 2 R J , —SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —NR J SO 2 R J , —COR J , —CO 2 R J , —NR J SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —COCOR J ;

R J is hydrogen or C 1-6 aliphatic;

R 3 is C 1-6 aliphatic optionally substituted with OH, OP, —O—C 1-6 aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, —O-aryl, or —O-heteroaryl;

P is a protecting group;

m is an integer from 0 to 3 inclusive;

n is an integer from 1 to 4 inclusive; and

o is an integer from 1 to 3 inclusive;

comprising the steps of:

a) reacting a compound of formula IIIA:

wherein, independently for each occurrence:

R 2 is —R J , —OR J , —N(R J) 2 , —NO 2 , halogen, —CN, —C 1-4 haloalkyl, —C 1-4 haloalkoxy, —C(O)N(R J ) 2 , —NR J C(O)R J , —SOR J , —SO 2 R J , —SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —NR J SO 2 R J , —COR J , —CO 2 R J , —NR J SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —COCOR J ;

R J is hydrogen or C 1-6 aliphatic; and

o is an integer from 0 to 3;

with a halogenating reagent in a first organic solvent to form a compound of formula IIIB:

wherein, independently for each occurrence:

R 2 is —R J , —OR J , —N(R J ) 2 , —NO 2 , halogen, —CN, —C 1-4 haloalkyl, —C 1-4 haloalkoxy, —C(O)N(R J ) 2 , —NR J C(O)R J , —SOR J , —SO 2 R J , —SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —NR J SO 2 R J , —COR J , —CO 2 R J , —NR J SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —COCOR J ;

R J is hydrogen or C 1-6 aliphatic;

o is an integer from 0 to 3; and

Hal is a halide;

b) reacting the compound of formula IIIB in a second organic solvent with a compound of formula IIIC:

wherein:

P is a protecting group;

followed by reduction and treatment with acid to form a compound of formula IIID:

wherein:

R 2 is —R J , —OR J , —N(R J ) 2 , —NO 2 , halogen, —CN, —C 1-4 haloalkyl, —C 1-4 haloalkoxy, —C(O)N(R J ) 2 , —NR J C(O)R J , —SOR J , —SO 2 R J , —SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —NR J SO 2 R J , —COR J , —CO 2 R J , —NR J SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —COCOR J ;

R J is hydrogen or C 1-6 aliphatic;

o is an integer from 0 to 3;

Hal is a halide;

P is a protecting group; and

A ⊖ is an anion;

c) neutralizing a compound of formula IIID in the presence of a base to form a compound of formula IIID-a:

wherein:

R 2 is —R J , —OR J , —N(R J ) 2 , —NO 2 , halogen, —CN, —C 1-4 haloalkyl, —C 1-4 haloalkoxy, —C(O)N(R J ) 2 , —NR J C(O)R J , —SOR J , —SO 2 R J , —SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —NR J SO 2 R J , —CO 2 R J , —NR J SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —COCOR J ;

R J is hydrogen or C 1-6 aliphatic;

o is an integer from 0 to 3;

Hal is a halide; and

P is a protecting group;

d reacting a compound of formula IIID in a third organic solvent with a compound of formula IIIE:

wherein, independently for each occurrence:

R 3 is a C 1-6 aliphatic optionally substituted with OH, OP, —O—C 1-6 aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, —O-aryl, or —O-heteroaryl;

in the presence of a catalyst to form a compound of formula III:

wherein, independently for each occurrence:

R 2 is —R J , —OR J , —N(R J ) 2 , —NO 2 , halogen, —CN, —C 1-4 haloalkyl, —C 1-4 haloalkoxy, —C(O)N(R J ) 2 , —NR J C(O)R J , —SOR J , —SO 2 R J , —SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —NR J SO 2 R J , —COR J , —CO 2 R J , —NR J SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —COCOR J ;

R J is hydrogen or C 1-6 aliphatic;

R 3 is C 1-6 aliphatic optionally substituted with OH, OP, —O—C 1-6 aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, —O—aryl, or —O-heteroaryl;

P is a protecting group; and

o is an integer from 0 to 3;

e reacting the compound of formula III in a fourth organic solvent with a compound of formula II:

wherein, independently for each occurrence:

ring A is a fused cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring;

Hal is a halide;

R 1 is independently selected from —R J , —OR J , —N(R J ) 2 , —NO 2 , halogen, —CN, —C 1-4 haloalkyl, —C 1-4 haloalkoxy, —C(O)N(R J ) 2 , —NR J C(O)R J , —SOR J , —SO 2 R J , —SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —NR J SO 2 R J , —COR J , —CO 2 R J , —NR J SO 2 N(R J ) 2 , —COCOR J ;

R J is hydrogen or C 1-6 aliphatic;

m is an integer from 0 to 3 inclusive; and

n is an integer from 1 to 4 inclusive;

to form the compound of formula IV.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein in formula IV, ring A is

o is 1 and R 2 is F; P is benzyl; and R 3 is a C 4 aliphatic optionally substituted with OP.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in formula IV, R 3 is

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein in formula IV, ring A is

m is 0, n is 1, o is 1 and R 2 is F, P is benzyl, and R 3 is

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein step a) takes place at about 2 ° C. to 42 ° C., the halogenating reagent is N-bromosuccinimide, and the first organic solvent is an aprotic solvent.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step a), the first organic solvent is ethyl acetate.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein in formula IIIB, o is 1, R 2 is F, and Hal is Br.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein in formula IIIC, P is benzyl.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step b), the reaction with a compound of formula IIIC takes place at about 60 ° C. to 100 ° C. , the acid is p-toluenesulfonic acid, the reduction is carried out with hydrogen , and the second organic solvent is an aprotic solvent.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step b), the second organic solvent is toluene.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein in formula IIID, o is 1, R 2 is F, Hal is Br, A ⊖ is Tos − , and P is benzyl.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein in formula IIIE, R 3 is C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 O(benzyl).

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step c), the base is an inorganic base.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein step d takes place at about 60° C. to 100° C., the catalyst is a palladium catalyst , and the third organic solvent is an aprotic solvent.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step d, the third organic solvent is acetonitrile.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step d, the catalyst is selected from palladium(II)acetate, Pd(dppf)Cl 2 , Pd(dba) 2 , tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), (MeCN) 2 PdCl 2 , or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0).

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step d, the catalyst is palladium(II)acetate.

18. The method of claim 1 wherein in step e, ring A is

m is 0, n is 1, and Hal is Cl.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step e, the fourth organic solvent is an aprotic solvent.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein step e takes place at about −20° C. to 20° C., the compound of formula II is prepared in situ by halogenating the acid precursor and reacted with the compound of formula III without isolation, and the fourth organic solvent is dichloromethane.

21. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing the two protecting groups from the compound of formula IV to form a compound of formula IVA:

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the protecting groups are removed by hydrogenation.

23. A method of preparing Compound 1:

comprising the steps of:

a) reacting compound 2:

with a brominating reagent to form a compound 3:

b) reacting compound 3 with compound 4:

followed by reduction to form compound 5:

followed by neutralizing compound 5 with a base to give compound 5a:

c) reacting compound 5a with compound 6:

in the presence of a catalyst to form compound 7:

d) reacting compound 7 with compound 8:

to form compound 9:

and

e) removing the two Bn protecting groups to form Compound 1.

24. The method of claim 23 , wherein:

in step a), the brominating agent is N-bromosuccinimide;

in step b), the reduction is carried out with hydrogen;

in step c), the catalyst is a palladium catalyst;

in step d), compound 8 is made in situ by halogenating the acid precursor without isolation; and

in step e), the Bn protecting groups are removed by hydrogenation.

25. The method of claim 23 , wherein in step c), the catalyst is selected from palladium(II)acetate, Pd(dppf)Cl 2 , Pd(dba) 2 , tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), (MeCN) 2 PdCl 2 , or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0).

26. The method of claim 23 , wherein in step c), the catalyst is palladium(II)acetate.