Ozonolysis operations for generation of reduced and/or oxidized product streams
The present invention relates to methods for safe and efficient use of hydrogen and oxygen in ozonolysis operations. The invention also relates to an ozonolysis process involving elements of both reductive and oxidative ozonolysis which are integrated in a continuous process. In one embodiment, the ozonolysis process of the present invention uses hydrogen and/or oxygen generated from water and electricity, which may be recycled to generate water and/or electricity.
1. An ozonolysis process comprising:
reacting a starting material comprising a fatty acid or a fatty acid ester with ozone to produce an ozonated stream;
partially reducing the ozonated stream to produce a partially reduced stream comprising linear alkyl aldehydes;
oxidizing at least a portion of the partially reduced stream to produce an oxidized stream comprising at least one of a diacid and an acid ester, and
obtaining a product stream comprising a combination of linear alkyl aldehydes and at least one of the diacid and the acid ester.
2. A method comprising:
a) providing oxygen and hydrogen, wherein said oxygen is treated with electricity to generate ozone; wherein said ozone is used in ozonolysis of a fatty acid or a fatty acid ester in an ozone reactor;
b) inputting said fatty acid or fatty acid ester into said ozone reactor, in which said fatty acid or fatty acid ester absorbs said ozone, thereby forming a mixture comprising an ozonated product stream comprising one or more compounds selected from ozonide, peroxide, aldehyde, ester, and acid; and
c) generating partially reduced products comprising a linear alkyl aldehyde, and oxygenated products comprising a diacid or acid-ester from said ozonated product stream by:
i. partially reducing said ozonated product stream after said ozonated product stream enters a hydrogenation chamber to generate partially reduced products and contacting said partially reduced products with water to form a mixture comprising a biphasic layer comprising an organic phase, the organic phase comprising a linear alkyl aldehyde;
j. fractionating said organic phase to separate said linear alkyl aldehyde from the remaining organic phase; and
k. oxidizing the remaining organic phase after fractionation at step (j) after the remaining organic phase enters into an oxidation chamber, resulting in the generation of said oxygenated products comprising said diacid or acid-ester;
thereby generating said linear alkyl aldehydes and said diacids from said ozonated product stream.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said hydrogen is continuously streamed through said hydrogenation chamber for said partial reduction of said mixture that comprises ozonated product stream.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said fractionating the organic phase is performed by distillation or ion exchange.
5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the remaining organic phase fraction comprises an oxo-acid or oxo-ester, and the method further comprises distilling said oxo-acid or oxo-ester.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said further distilled oxo-acid or oxo-ester is passed into said oxidation chamber for generation of said diacid or acid-ester.
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said oxygenated products comprising said diacid or acid-ester are further distilled, precipitated, or extracted for generating pure diacid or acid-ester.
8. The method according to claim 2 , wherein any unused oxygen from the ozone reactor, or oxidation chamber, or from both are recycled as fuels for generation of ozone, water, or electricity, or any combination thereof.
9. The method according to claim 2 , wherein any unused hydrogen from the hydrogenation chamber is recycled to step a) or used as fuels for generation of water or electricity, or any combination thereof.
10. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising a catalyst to facilitate oxidation or reduction.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the catalyst is a metal catalyst.
12. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said fatty acid or fatty acid ester is introduced to said ozone reactor in a solvent selected from nonanoic acid, water and a combination thereof.
13. The method according to claim 8 , wherein said oxygen is recycled through an organic medium, wherein the organic medium is substantially purged of volatile components.
14. The method according to claim 8 , wherein said oxygen is recycled after being passed through a chamber free of volatile, light organic materials, or composed of non-volatile, heavy organic materials.
15. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said method lacks the oxidizing step (step k), or the reductive step (step i).
16. The method of claim 2 , wherein said oxygen and said hydrogen are generated from water and electricity.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said electricity is generated in a source selected from a group consisting of fuel cell and hydrogen burning gas turbine.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the fuel cell is selected from a group consisting of an alkaline fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, and a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.
19. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising an electrolyzer for generating said ozone, wherein said electrolyzer is a PEM hydrolysis electrolyzer.