Split-pass open-die forging for hard-to-forge, strain-path sensitive titanium-base and nickel-base alloys
Split pass forging a workpiece to initiate microstructure refinement comprises press forging a metallic material workpiece in a first forging direction one or more times up to a reduction ductility limit of the metallic material to impart a total strain in the first forging direction sufficient to initiate microstructure refinement; rotating the workpiece; open die press forging the workpiece in a second forging direction one or more times up to the reduction ductility limit to impart a total strain in the second forging direction to initiate microstructure refinement; and repeating rotating and open die press forging in a third and, optionally, one or more additional directions until a total amount of strain to initiate microstructure refinement is imparted in an entire volume of the workpiece.
1. A method of forging a metallic material workpiece to initiate microstructure refinement, the method comprising:
open die press forging the workpiece at a forging temperature in a first forging direction up to a reduction ductility limit of the metallic material;
repeating open die press forging the workpiece in the first forging direction up to the reduction ductility limit one or more times at the forging temperature until a total amount of strain imparted in the first forging direction is sufficient to initiate microstructure refinement;
rotating the workpiece a desired degree of rotation;
open die press forging the workpiece at the forging temperature in a second forging direction up to the reduction ductility limit of the metallic material;
repeating open die press forging the workpiece in the second forging direction up to the reduction ductility limit one or more times at the forging temperature until a total amount of strain imparted in the second forging direction is sufficient to initiate microstructure refinement; and
repeating the rotating step, the open die press forging step, and the repeating open die press forging step in a third and, optionally, one or more additional forging directions until a total amount of strain that is sufficient to initiate microstructure refinement is imparted in an entire volume of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is not rotated until a total amount of strain that is sufficient to initiate microstructure refinement is imparted in the third direction and any one or more additional directions.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metallic material comprises one of a titanium alloy and a nickel alloy.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metallic material comprises a titanium alloy.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the titanium alloy comprises one of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy (UNS R56400), a Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy (UNS R56401), a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy (UNS R56260), a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy (UNS R54620), a Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy (AMS 4986) and a Ti-4Al-2.5V-1.5Fe alloy (UNS 54250).
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the metallic material comprises one of an alpha-beta titanium alloy and a metastable-beta titanium alloy.
6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the metallic material comprises an alpha-beta titanium alloy.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises a Ti-4Al-2.5V-1.5Fe alloy (UNS 54250).
8. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the metallic material comprises one of a of Waspaloy® (UNS N07001), ATI 718Plus® alloy (UNS N07818), and Alloy 720 (UNS N07720).
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the forging temperature is within a temperature range spanning 1100° F. up to a temperature 50° F. below a beta-transus temperature of the alpha-beta titanium alloy.
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising reheating the workpiece intermediate any open die press forging steps.
11. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising annealing the workpiece intermediate any open die press forging steps.
12. A method of split pass open die forging a metallic material workpiece to initiate microstructure refinement, comprising:
providing a hybrid octagon-RCS workpiece comprising a metallic material;
open die upset forging the workpiece;
rotating the workpiece for open die drawing on a first diagonal face in an X′ direction of the hybrid octagon-RCS workpiece;
multiple pass draw forging the workpiece in the X′ direction to the strain threshold for microstructure refinement initiation;
wherein each multiple pass draw forging step comprises at least two open press draw forging steps with reductions up to the reduction ductility limit of the metallic material;
rotating the workpiece for open die drawing on a second diagonal face in an Y′ direction of the hybrid octagon-RCS workpiece;
multiple pass draw forging the workpiece in the Y′ direction to the strain threshold for microstructure refinement initiation;
wherein each multiple pass draw forging step comprises at least two open press draw forging steps with reductions up to the reduction ductility limit of the metallic material;
rotating the workpiece for open die drawing on a first RCS face in an Y direction of the hybrid octagon-RCS workpiece;
multiple pass draw forging the workpiece in the Y direction to the strain threshold for microstructure refinement initiation;
wherein each multiple pass draw forging step comprises at least two open press draw forging steps with reductions up to the reduction ductility limit of the metallic material;
rotating the workpiece for open die drawing on a second RCS face in an X direction of the hybrid octagon-RCS workpiece;
multiple pass draw forging the workpiece in the X direction to the strain threshold for microstructure refinement initiation;
wherein each multiple pass draw forging step comprises at least two open press draw forging steps with reductions up to the reduction ductility limit of the metallic material;
repeating the upset and multiple draw cycles as desired.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the metallic material comprises one of a titanium alloy and a nickel alloy.
14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the metallic material comprises a titanium alloy.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the titanium alloy comprises one of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy (UNS R56400), a Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy (UNS R56401), a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy (UNS R56260), a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy (UNS R54620), a Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy (AMS 4986) and a Ti-4Al-2.5V-1.5Fe alloy (UNS 54250).
16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the metallic material comprises one of an alpha-beta titanium alloy and a metastable-beta titanium alloy.
17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the metallic material comprises an alpha-beta titanium alloy.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises a Ti-4Al-2.5V-1.5Fe alloy (UNS 54250).
19. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the metallic material comprises one of a of Waspaloy® (UNS N07001), ATI 718Plus® alloy (UNS N07818), and Alloy 720 (UNS N07720).
20. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the forging temperature is within a temperature range spanning 1100° F. up to a temperature 50° F. below a beta-transus temperature of the alpha-beta titanium alloy.
21. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising reheating the workpiece intermediate any open die press forging steps.
22. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising annealing the workpiece intermediate any open die press forging steps.