Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive substrate, and an outermost surface layer, wherein the outermost surface layer is a layer constituted with a cured product of a composition including at least one of non-charge transporting compounds represented by formulae (I) and (II), and at least one non-reactive charge transporting material:
1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:
an electroconductive substrate;
a photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive substrate; and
an outermost surface layer constituted with a cured product of a composition including at least one non-reactive charge transporting material, and at least one of non-charge transporting compounds represented by the following formulae (I) and (II):
wherein in the formula (I), F 1 represents an m 1 -valent organic group having an aromatic ring, which does not have a charge transporting property; L 1 represents a divalent linking group containing at least one selected from —C(═O)—O— and —O—; m 1 represents an integer of 3 or more; and a group linked to F 1 is a group represented by the following formula (III) or (IV):
wherein X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a divalent linking group, and p1 and p2 each independently represent 0 or 1,
wherein in the formula (II), F 2 represents an m 2 -valent organic group having an aromatic ring, which does not have a charge transporting property; L 2 represents an (n 2 +1)-valent linking group containing at least one selected from —C(═O)—O— and —O—; m 2 represents an integer of 2 or more; and n 2 represents an integer of 2 to 3.
2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the outermost surface layer contains resin particles.
3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 , wherein the resin particles are particles of at least one resin selected from an ethylene tetrafluoride resin, an ethylene trifluoride resin, an ethylene hexafluoride propylene resin, a vinyl fluoride resin, a vinylidene fluoride resin, an ethylene dichlorodifluoride resin, and a copolymer thereof.
4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 3 , wherein the outermost surface layer is a layer cured by a reaction including at least heating.
5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein a group linked to F 2 of the compound represented by the formula (II) is a group represented by the following formula (V) or (VI):
wherein Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represent a divalent linking group, and q1 and q2 each independently represent 0 or 1.
6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 5 , wherein the outermost surface layer contains resin particles.
7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 6 , wherein the resin particles are particles of at least one resin selected from an ethylene tetrafluoride resin, an ethylene trifluoride resin, an ethylene hexafluoride propylene resin, a vinyl fluoride resin, a vinylidene fluoride resin, an ethylene dichlorodifluoride resin, and a copolymer thereof.
8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 7 , wherein the outermost surface layer is a layer cured by a reaction including at least heating.
9. A process cartridge comprising at least the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , the process cartridge being detachable from an image forming apparatus.
10. An image forming apparatus comprising:
at least the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,
a charging unit that charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor,
an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor,
a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a developer including a toner to form a toner image, and
a transfer unit that transfers the toner image onto a transfer medium.
11. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein F 1 represents an m 1 -valent organic group formed by the removal of m 1 hydrogen atoms from aromatic rings in one of the following groups represented by the structural formulae (1) through (9):
wherein in the structural formulae (1) to (9), R f1 , R f2 , R f3 , R f4 , R f5 , and R f6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group; and k represents an integer of from 0 to 3.