Active scaffolds for on-demand drug and cell delivery
The invention provides a composition whose porosity, pore size, pore connectivity, swelling agent concentration, and/or specific volume undergoes a change from a first value to a second value in response to an electromagnetic signal, the composition having a matrix material in which is distributed a magnetic material.
1. A composition comprising a matrix material and a magnetic material distributed therethrough, wherein the composition comprises macropores having mean pore diameter in range of about 100 μm to about 1000 μm, wherein the magnetic material is in form of magnetic particles having a size in the range from about 1 nm to about 500 nm, and wherein porosity, pore size, pore connectivity, swelling agent concentration and/or specific volume of the composition changes by at least 10% in response to an electromagnetic signal.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a swelling agent.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has porosity of 0.1 to 0.99.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material is a polymer, copolymer, or blockpolymer gel.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the matrix material is a cross-linked polymer, copolymer, or blockpolymer gel.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of glycosaminoglycan, silk, fibrin, MATRIGEL®, poly-ethyleneglycol (PEG), polyhydroxy ethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, poly (N-vinyl pyrolidone), poly(lactic acid), poly glycolic acid (PGA), poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), poly e-carpolactone (PCL), polyethylene oxide, poly propylene fumarate (PPF), poly acrylic acid (PAA), polyhydroxybutyric acid, hydrolysed polyacrylonitrile, polymethacrylic acid, polyethylene amine, esters of alginic acid; pectinic acid; and alginate, fully or partillay oxidized alginate, hyaluronic acid, carboxy methyl cellulose, heparin, heparin sulfate, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan, chitin, pullulan, gellan, xanthan, collagen, gelatin, carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethyl dextran, chondroitin sulfate, cationic guar, cationic starch, and combinations thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic material is ferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, diamagnetic, paramagnetic, or superparamagnetic.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the macropores have a mean pore diameter in range of about 150 μm to about 750 μm.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a bioactive agent.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the bioactive agent is mitoxantrone.
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the bioactive agent is covalently linked to the matrix.
12. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the bioactive agent is a therapeutic agent.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a cell.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein porosity, pore size, pore connectivity, swelling agent concentration, and/or specific volume changes by at least 25% or more relative to the original value on application of a magnetic field.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein porosity, pore size, pore connectivity, swelling agent concentration, and/or specific volume decreases on application of a magnetic field.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material comprises a cell binding molecule.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic material is distributed homogeneously within the matrix material.
18. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of small organic or inorganic molecules; saccharines; oligosaccharides; polysaccharides; peptides; proteins; peptidomimetics; nucleic acids; an extract made from biological materials and any combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the biological materials is bacteria, plants, fungi, animal cells or animal tissues.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the composition comprises animal tissues; naturally occurring or synthetic compositions; and any combinations thereof.
21. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the compound is covalently linked to the matrix.
22. A method for preparing the composition of claim 1 , method comprising: (a) preparing a composition comprising a magnetic material; (b) freezing the composition of step (a), wherein freezing temperature is from about −4° C. to about −180° C.; (c) lyophilizing the frozen composition; (d) swelling the lyophilized composition.
23. A method for controlling the release of a bioactive agent, the method comprising: (a) providing to a subject a composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises the bioactive agent; and (b) inducing a change in porosity, pore size, pore connectivity, swelling agent concentration, and/or specific volume of the composition via a magnetic field to control the release of the bioactive agent.