Thermoplastic prepreg containing continuous and long fibers
A prepreg that contains a plurality of unidirectionally aligned continuous fibers embedded within a thermoplastic polymer matrix is provided. In addition to continuous fibers, the prepreg also contains a plurality of long fibers that are combined with the continuous fibers so that they are randomly distributed within the thermoplastic matrix. As a result, at least a portion of the long fibers become oriented at an angle (e.g., perpendicular) relative to the direction of the continuous fibers. Through such orientation, the long fibers can substantially increase the mechanical properties of the prepreg in the transverse direction (e.g., strength) and thus achieve a more isotropic material. Although unique isotropic prepregs are one aspect of the present invention, it should be understood that this is not a requirement. In fact, one notable feature of the present invention is the ability to tailor the mechanical properties of the prepreg for an intended application by selectively controlling certain process parameters, such as the type of long fibers employed, the type of continuous fibers employed, the concentration of the long fibers, the concentration of the continuous fibers, the thermoplastic resin(s) employed, etc.
1. A thermoplastic prepreg comprising:
a plurality of continuous fibers that are substantially oriented in a longitudinal direction, the continuous fibers constituting from about 10 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of the prepreg;
a plurality of randomly distributed long fibers, at least a portion of which are oriented at an angle relative to the longitudinal direction, the long fibers constituting from about 2 wt. % to about 35 wt. % of the prepreg; and
a resinous matrix that contains one or more thermoplastic polymers and within which the continuous fibers and long fibers are embedded, wherein the thermoplastic polymers constitute from about 10 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of the prepreg;
wherein the ratio of the maximum tensile stress of the prepreg in the longitudinal direction to the maximum tensile stress of the prepreg in the transverse direction is from about 1 to about 40; and
wherein the long fibers are present within the first layer of the prepreg, the continous fibers are present within a second layer of the prepreg, and at least a portion of the long fibers extend into the second layer.
2. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the maximum tensile stress of the prepreg in the longitudinal direction to the maximum tensile stress of the prepreg in the transverse direction is from about 2 to about 30.
3. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 1 , wherein the prepreg exhibits a maximum tensile stress of from about 250 to about 3000 Megapascals in the longitudinal direction.
4. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 1 , wherein the prepreg exhibits a maximum tensile stress of from about 0.5 to about 50 Megapascals in the transverse direction.
5. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 1 , wherein the continuous fibers constitute from about 20 to about 70 wt. % of the prepreg.
6. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 1 , wherein the long fibers constitute from about 5 to about 30 wt. % of the prepreg.
7. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 1 , wherein the continuous fibers, the long fibers, or both, include glass fibers, carbon fibers, or a combination of glass and carbon fibers.
8. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymers include a polyolefin, polyether ketone, polyetherimide, polyarylene ketone, liquid crystal polymer, polyarylene sulfide, fluoropolymer, polyacetal, polyurethane, polycarbonate, styrenic polymer, polyester, polyimide, or a combination thereof.
9. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 1 , wherein the prepreg has a void fraction of about 2% or less.
10. A lineal profile comprising the prepreg of claim 1 .
11. The lineal profile of claim 10 , wherein the profile further comprises a capping layer that defines a surface of the profile.
12. A molded part that comprises the prepreg of claim 1 .
13. A thermoplastic prepreg comprising:
a plurality of continuous fibers that are substantially oriented in a longitudinal direction, the continuous fibers constituting from about 10 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of the prepreg;
a plurality of randomly distributed long fibers, at least a portion of which are oriented at an angle relative to the longitudinal direction, the long fibers constituting from about 2 wt. % to about 35 wt. % of the prepreg; and
a resinous matrix that contains one or more thermoplastic polymers and within which the continuous fibers and long fibers are embedded, wherein the thermoplastic polymers constitute from about 10 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of the prepreg;
wherein the ratio of the maximum tensile stress of the prepreg in the longitudinal direction to the maximum tensile stress of the prepreg in the transverse direction is from about 1 to about 40; and
wherein the long fibers are intermingled with the continuous fibers.
14. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 13 , wherein the ratio of the maximum tensile stress of the prepreg in the longitudinal direction to the maximum tensile stress of the prepreg in the transverse direction is from about 2 to about 30.
15. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 13 , wherein the prepreg exhibits a maximum tensile stress of from about 250 to about 3000 Megapascals in the longitudinal direction.
16. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 13 , wherein the prepreg exhibits a maximum tensile stress of from about 0.5 to about 50 Megapascals in the transverse direction.
17. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 13 , wherein the continuous fibers constitute from about 20 to about 70 wt. % of the prepreg.
18. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 13 , wherein the long fibers constitute from about 5 to about 30 wt. % of the prepreg.
19. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 13 , wherein the continuous fibers, the long fibers, or both, include glass fibers, carbon fibers, or a combination of glass and carbon fibers.
20. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 13 , wherein the thermoplastic polymers include a polyolefin, polyether ketone, polyetherimide, polyarylene ketone, liquid crystal polymer, polyarylene sulfide, fluoropolymer, polyacetal, polyurethane, polycarbonate, styrenic polymer, polyester, polyimide, or a combination thereof.
21. The thermoplastic prepreg of claim 13 , wherein the prepreg has a void fraction of about 2% or less.