Thermoplastic composite parts having integrated metal fittings and method of making the same
Thermoplastic composite parts having integrated metal fittings are manufactured using a continuous compression molding process. Automated equipment or hand lay-up are used to collate composite material plies and metal fittings into a multi-layer stack. Each stack contains all plies, including ply build-up areas, tacked in the proper location to maintain orientation and location. Multiple lay-ups may be cut from each stack. The lay-ups are placed in tooling containing part features and are continuously fed through a performing station where the lay-ups are preformed into the approximate shape of the finished part. Following pre-forming, the tooling is moved incrementally through a consolidation station where a compression press presses successive sections of the tooling to form a single integrated thermoplastic composite laminate part having integrated metal fittings, which may include areas of differing thickness.
1. A method of manufacturing a part having a joint between a polymeric composite laminate and a metal fitting, the method comprising
forming a lay-up by positioning a metal fitting adjacent to a traverse edge of a stack comprising plies of a composite material tacked together such that at least part of an edge of the metal fitting contacts at least part of the edge of the stack;
placing the lay-up between two metal tools;
feeding the lay-up through a continuous compression machine;
consolidating the layup to form the joint, wherein consolidating is performed by the continuous compression machine, wherein feeding the lay-up through a continuous compression machine comprises feeding the metal tools and the lay-up into the continuous compression machine.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing a thermoplastic film between the metal fitting and one of the plies.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plies are tacked together at multiple locations by heating or ultrasonic welding.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
preforming the lay-up into the approximate shape of the part.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite material includes a matrix resin component having a free flowing temperature, and the method further comprises:
preforming the lay-up into the approximate shape of the part; and
heating the preformed lay-up to at least the free flowing temperature of the matrix resin component of the composite material before feeding the lay-up through the continuous compression machine.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:
preforming the lay-up into the approximate shape of the part, and
wherein the consolidating includes pressing at least one of the metal tools against the preformed lay-up to impart features of the tool on the preformed lay-up.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the consolidating is performed by incrementally moving the lay-up through the press.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric composite laminate is a thermoplastic composite laminate.
9. A method of manufacturing a part comprising a part having a joint between a polymeric composite laminate and a metal fitting, the method comprising:
forming a lay-up by positioning a metal fitting adjacent to a traverse edge of a stack comprising plies of a composite material tacked together such that at least part of an edge of the metal fitting contacts at least part of the edge of the stack;
placing the lay-up between two metal tools;
feeding the lay-up with the two metal tools through a continuous compression machine; and
consolidating the layup, wherein consolidating comprises applying pressure to the two metal tools using press platens of the continuous compression machine.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
cleaning the surface of the metal fitting; and
applying a bonding primer to the cleaned surfaces of the metal fitting.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
applying a resin film to the primed surfaces of the metal fitting.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
preforming the lay-up into the approximate shape of the part.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein consolidating includes pressing the two metal tools against the lay-up and wherein at least one of the two metal tools imparts features of the at least one tool on the lay-up.
14. A method of manufacturing a part comprising a polymeric composite laminate and an integrated metal fitting, the method comprising:
positioning a first stack adjacent a second stack such that at least a part of a first traverse edge of the first stack contacts at least a part of a second traverse edge of the second stack, the first stack comprising a first number of plies of a composite material tacked together and the second stack comprising a second number of plies of a composite material tacked together;
positioning a metal fitting on at least a portion of the first stack and on at least a portion of the second stack to form a lay-up;
placing the lay-up between two metal tool members;
feeding the lay-up with the two metal tool members through a continuous compression machine; and
consolidating the layup, wherein consolidating comprises applying pressure to the two metal tool members using press platens of the continuous compression machine.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
cleaning the surface of the metal fitting; and
applying a bonding primer to the cleaned surfaces of the metal fitting.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
applying a resin film to the primed surfaces of the metal fitting.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
preforming the lay-up into the approximate shape of the part.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein consolidating includes pressing the two metal tools against the lay-up and wherein at least one of the two metal tools imparts features of the at least one tool on the lay-up.
19. A method of manufacturing a part comprising a polymeric composite laminate and an integrated metal fitting, the method comprising:
positioning a first stack adjacent a second stack such that at least a part of a first traverse edge of the first stack contacts at least a part of a second traverse edge of the second stack to form a joint, the first stack comprising a first number of plies of a composite material tacked together and the second stack comprising a second number of plies of a composite material tacked together;
positioning a metal fitting over the joint to form a lay-up;
placing the lay-up between two metal tool members, one of the two metal tool members including a pocket having a shape matching that of the metal fitting;
feeding the lay-up with the two metal tool members through a continuous compression machine; and
consolidating the layup, wherein consolidating comprises applying pressure to the two metal tool members using press platens of the continuous compression machine.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
cleaning the surface of the metal fitting; and
applying a bonding primer to the cleaned surfaces of the metal fitting.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising:
applying a resin film to the primed surfaces of the metal fitting.
22. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
preforming the lay-up into the approximate shape of the part.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein consolidating includes pressing the two metal tools against the lay-up and wherein at least one of the two metal tools imparts features of the at least one tool on the lay-up.
24. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
positioning a second metal fitting on an opposite side of the joint prior to placing the lay-up between the two metal tool members.