Natural laminar flow wingtip
An aircraft wing tip device may include a unitized, monolithic leading edge torque box that may be formed of polymer matrix fiber-reinforced material. The leading edge torque box may include a skin that may define a continuous, uninterrupted outer mold line surface extending aftwardly from a winglet leading edge by a distance of at least approximately 60 percent of a local chord length. The leading edge torque box may further include at least one internal component extending between opposing inner surfaces of the skin and being integrally formed therewith.
1. A method of maintaining laminar flow over a wing tip device, comprising the steps of:
passing an airflow over an outer mold line (OML) surface of a unitized, monolithic, integrally-formed, composite leading edge torque box of a wing tip device of an aircraft, the leading edge torque box being formed of composite layups of polymer matrix fiber-reinforced material and including at least one composite spar or stiffener integrally-formed with and extending between opposing inner surfaces of a composite skin, the leading edge torque box being formed as a co-cured assembly using inner mold line tools including rigid soluble mandrels positioned within an interior of the leading edge torque box, the interior containing two or more cavities each configured to receive a soluble mandrel such that a pair of soluble mandrels is located on opposite sides of a composite layup of a composite spar or stiffener to position the composite spar or stiffener relative to the composite skin, the soluble mandrels expanding when heated compacting the composite layup of the composite skin against an outer mold line tool surface while simultaneously compacting the composite layup of the composite spar or stiffener between the pair of soluble mandrels, the rigid soluble mandrels being removable by solubilization; and
maintaining the airflow in a laminar state from a winglet leading edge aftwardly to a distance of at least approximately 60 percent of a local chord length of the wing tip device.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of maintaining the airflow in a laminar state comprises:
maintaining the airflow in a laminar state from the winglet leading edge to a distance of at least 70 percent of the local chord length.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of passing the airflow over the OML surface further includes:
passing the airflow over the OML surface of a winglet.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of passing the airflow over the OML surface of the winglet includes:
passing the airflow over a curved transition between the wing tip and a canted section of the winglet.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
passing the airflow over a trailing edge section joined to a torque box aft end.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the spar extends at least partially along a spanwise direction of the wing tip device.