Flexible thermal ground plane and manufacturing the same
Methods, apparatuses, and systems are disclosed for flexible thermal ground planes. A flexible thermal ground plane may include a support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include an evaporator region or multiple evaporator regions configured to couple with the support member. The flexible thermal ground plane may include a condenser region or multiple condenser regions configured to couple with the support member. The evaporator and condenser region may include a microwicking structure. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanowicking structure coupled with the micro-wicking structure, where the nanowicking structure includes nanorods. The evaporator and condenser region may include a nanomesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure. Some embodiments may include a micromesh coupled with the nanorods and/or the microwicking structure.
1. A thermal ground plane comprising:
a first planar substrate member comprising a polymer layer;
a second planar substrate member comprising a polymer layer and configured to enclose a working fluid in conjunction with the first planar substrate member, wherein the second planar substrate member and the first planar substrate member are hermetically sealed along more than two edges;
an evaporator region disposed at least partially on at least one of the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member;
a condenser region disposed at least partially on at least one of the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member;
a liquid channel disposed between the condenser region and the evaporator region and between the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member;
a vapor core disposed between the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member; and
a mesh layer separating the liquid channel and the vapor core disposed between the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member,
wherein the working fluid, in liquid form, flows through the liquid channel from the condenser region to the evaporator region without passing through the vapor core,
wherein the evaporator region and the condenser region are separate and distinct regions located at a distance from each other,
wherein the first planar member and the second planar member are flexible,
wherein the thermal ground plane has a thickness less than 1 mm, and
wherein the thermal ground plane has an in-plane thermal conductivity of greater than 500 W/mK where the evaporator region comprises a wicking structure, where the condenser region comprises another wicking structure, where the mesh layer is coupled to the wicking structure of the evaporator region and the wicking structure of the condenser region such that the mesh layer is spaced apart from the first and second planar substrate members to define the liquid channel.
2. The thermal ground plane of claim 1 , wherein either or both the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member comprises a thin metal layer.
3. The thermal ground plane of claim 1 , wherein polymer layer includes a liquid crystal polymer.
4. The thermal ground plane of claim 1 , further comprising a moisture barrier layer coupled with the polymer layer.
5. The thermal ground plane of claim 4 , wherein the moisture barrier layer includes at least an atomic layer deposition coating, a chemical vapor deposition coating, or thin metal laminate coating.
6. The thermal ground plane of claim 1 , wherein the wicking structure of the evaporator region is a microwicking structure.
7. The thermal ground plane of claim 1 , wherein the wicking structure of the evaporator region is a nanowicking structure.
8. The thermal ground plane of claim 7 , wherein the nanowicking structure includes nanorods.
9. The thermal ground plane of claim 1 , wherein the mesh layer comprises a nanomesh layer.
10. A thermal ground plane system comprising:
a first planar substrate member comprising a polymer layer;
a second planar substrate member comprising a polymer layer, wherein the second planar substrate member and the first planar substrate member are hermetically sealed along more than two edges;
an evaporator region disposed at least partially on at least one of the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member, the evaporator region comprising:
a first wicking structure;
a condenser region disposed at least partially on at least one of the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member, the condenser region comprising:
a second wicking structure;
a liquid channel disposed between the condenser region and the evaporator region and between the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member;
a vapor core disposed between the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member; and
a mesh layer separating the liquid channel and the vapor core and disposed between the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member,
wherein a working liquid flows through the liquid channel from the condenser region to the evaporator region without passing through the vapor core,
wherein the evaporator region and the condenser region are separate and distinct regions located at a distance from each other,
wherein the first planar member and the second planar member are flexible,
wherein the thermal ground plan has a thickness less than 1 mm, and
wherein the thermal ground plane has an in-plane thermal conductivity of greater than 500 W/mK where a third wicking structure is coupled to the first wicking structure, where the mesh layer is coupled to the second wicking structure and the third wicking structure such that the mesh layer is spaced apart from the first and second planar substrate members to define the liquid channel.
11. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the first wicking structure or the second wicking structures includes a microwicking structure.
12. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the first wicking structure or the second wicking structures includes a nanowicking structure.
13. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , wherein the third wicking structure comprises at least a nanowicking structure or a microwicking structure.
14. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , wherein the third wicking structure includes at least a plurality of nanorods or a nanomesh.
15. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , further comprising a moisture barrier coating coupled with either or both the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member.
16. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , further comprising a plurality of thermally conductive vias coupled with either or both the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member.
17. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , further comprising a thermally conductive member coupled with either or both the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member, wherein at least one of the first wicking structure or second wicking structure is made on the high thermal conductivity member.
18. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein either or both the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member comprises a polymer and a barrier coating that creates a hermetic seal.
19. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporator region and the condenser region are coupled with the first planar substrate member.
20. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporator region is disposed on the first planar substrate member and the condenser region is disposed on the second planar substrate member.
21. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporator region is disposed on the first planar substrate member and the condenser region is disposed on the first planar substrate member.
22. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 ,
wherein the evaporator region is placed on the first planar substrate member; and
wherein the condenser region is placed on the second planar substrate member.
23. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , wherein the evaporator region is disposed on the first planar substrate member and the condenser region is disposed on the second planar substrate member.
24. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , wherein the evaporator region is disposed on the first planar substrate member and the condenser region is disposed on the first planar substrate member.
25. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 ,
wherein the evaporator region is placed on the first support member; and
wherein the condenser region is placed on the second support member.
26. The thermal ground plane system of claim 10 , wherein either or both the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member comprises is a flexible.
27. The thermal ground plane according to claim 1 , wherein either or both the first planar substrate member and the second planar substrate member is a flexible support member.