Methods and compositions for validation of fluorescence imaging and tomography devices

1. A 2-dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imaging camera systems, where said phantom comprises: a stable fluorescent material wherein the stable fluorescence material comprises: a semiconductor material; quantum dots; or a combination thereof; and a calibrated diffuse reflectance target; and wherein said use comprises evaluating sensitivity of fluorescence detection of said camera systems; or quantitatively characterizing the transmission ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio of a said fluorescence imaging camera system.

2. The phantom of claim 1 , wherein said phantom further comprises polyurethane.

3. A method of making the solid phantom of claim 2 , said method comprising:

diluting a stable fluorescence material with a polyurethane solution and forming a solution of the stable fluorescence material with a first concentration; and

coating said reflectance target with said solution such that the reflectance value of said target is about 99%.

4. The method of making a phantom of claim 3 , wherein said stable fluorescent material is sprayed on said reflectance target.

5. The method of making a phantom of claim 3 , wherein said reflectance target is dipped in a solution comprising the stable fluorescent material.

6. The method of making a solid phantom of claim 3 , wherein said stable fluorescent material is painted on said reflectance target.

7. The method of making a phantom of claim 3 , wherein stable fluorescent material is sprayed on said reflectance target.

8. The method of making a phantom of claim 3 , wherein said reflectance target is dipped in a solution comprising stable fluorescent material.

9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first concentration is about 0.01 μm to about 1 μm.

10. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first concentration is about 0.1 uM.

11. The phantom of claim 1 , wherein the target comprises a reflectance value of about 99%, 98%, 97%, 96%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70% 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 25%, 10% or 0%.

12. A method of training an operator of a fluorescence imaging camera system, said method comprising obtaining a phantom of claim 1 , having one or more known optical characteristics; inserting the phantom into an imaging system; operating the system to image and analyze the phantom, thereby training the user.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the phantom comprises a reflectance value of a tissue.

14. The 2 dimensional solid phantom of claim 1 , wherein said fluorescence imaging camera systems are designed to detect fluorescence in scattering media, wherein said scattering media is a living tissues.

15. A method of quantitatively characterizing the transmission ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio of a fluorescence imaging camera system, said method comprising:

(i) placing a 2 dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imagine camera systems under said fluorescence imaging camera system;

(ii) determining the transmission ratio, and quantifying an excitation light leakage; and

(iii) determining the signal-to-noise ratio.

16. A method of evaluating the sensitivity of a fluorescence imaging camera system, said method comprising:

(i) placing a 2 dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imagine camera systems under said fluorescence imaging camera system;

(ii) measuring reflected light from different portions of the phantom;

(iii) measuring fluorescent from different portions of the phantom; and

(iv) computing a ratio of fluorescent light versus backscattered excitation light, and quantifying the level of sensitivity of the system.

17. A method of validating that a fluorescence imaging camera system is operating at an acceptable level using a method of evaluating the sensitivity of a fluorescence imaging camera system, said method comprising:

(i) placing a 2 dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imagine camera systems under said fluorescence imaging camera system;

(ii) measuring reflected light from different portions of the phantom;

(iii) measuring fluorescent from different portions of the phantom; and

(iv) computing a ratio of fluorescent light versus backscattered excitation light, and quantifying the level of sensitivity of the system, wherein the ratio of fluorescent light versus backscattered excitation light, is compared to a predefined standard.

18. A method of comparing two or more fluorescence imaging camera systems, said method comprising:

(i) obtaining a 2 dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imagine camera systems having one or more known optical characteristics;

(ii) inserting the phantom into a first imaging system;

(iii) imaging the phantom in the first system to obtain first image data;

(iv) inserting the phantom into a second imaging system;

(v) imaging the phantom in the second system to obtain second image data; and

(vi) comparing the first and second image data to compare the two systems.