Perfluoroalkylated lignin as a catalyst support with varying phase behavior
Multi-phase biopolymer catalyst support systems, methods of synthesizing a biopolymer material for use in a multi-phase biopolymer catalyst support system, and methods for catalyzing reactions with a multi-phase biopolymer catalyst support system are described.
1. A multi-phase biopolymer catalyst support system comprising:
an organic solvent phase comprising: an organic solvent; and
a halogenated solvent phase comprising: a functionalized biopolymer and an additive,
wherein the additive comprises:
a catalyst, a ligand or, a combination thereof,
wherein the functionalized biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, dextrin, and a combination thereof,
wherein the functionalized biopolymer comprises:
a plurality of pendent functional side chains of the formula:
—(CX 2 ) n —CX 3 ,
wherein each X is independently selected from F, Br, I, Cl, or combinations thereof, and wherein n is an integer from 2 to 18; and
a plurality of pendent carboxylic acid groups of formula —C(═O)OH.
2. The multi-phase biopolymer catalyst support system of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent phase comprises an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of: dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, 1,4-dioxane, chloroform, hexane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, acetone, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, or a combination thereof.
3. The multi-phase biopolymer catalyst support system of claim 1 , wherein the halogenated solvent is a perfluoroalkane, a perbromoalkane, a perchloroalkane, a periodoalkane, trifluorotoluene, or a combination thereof.
4. The multi-phase biopolymer catalyst support system of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent phase and the halogenated solvent phase are immiscible at ambient temperature and pressure.
5. The multi-phase biopolymer catalyst support system of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized biopolymer is a powder.
6. The multi-phase biopolymer catalyst support system of claim 1 , further comprises a resin-bound organophosphorous compound and an azodicarboxylate.