Acoustically ejecting a droplet of fluid from a reservoir by an acoustic fluid ejection apparatus
The invention provides apparatuses and methods for acoustically ejecting the fluid from a reservoir contained in or disposed on a substrate. The reservoir has a portion adapted to contain a fluid, and an acoustic radiation generator is positioned in acoustic coupling relationship to the reservoir. Acoustic radiation generated by the acoustic radiation generator is transmitted through at least the portion of the reservoir to an analyzer. The analyzer is capable of determining the energy level of the transmitted acoustic radiation and raising the energy level of subsequent pulses to a level sufficient to eject fluid droplets from the reservoir. The invention is particularly suited for delivering fluid from a plurality of reservoirs in an accurate and efficient manner.
1. An apparatus for acoustically ejecting a droplet of fluid from a reservoir, the apparatus comprising:
an acoustic radiation generator coupled to a reservoir and configured to:
generate a perturbation pulse of acoustic radiation to disturb a surface of a fluid disposed in the reservoir, the perturbation pulse being associated with a perturbation acoustic energy not sufficient to eject any droplet of the fluid from the reservoir;
generate, after the perturbation pulse, a perturbation interrogation pulse of acoustic energy such that the perturbation interrogation pulse is at least partially reflected by the disturbed surface of the fluid to form a reflected interrogation pulse response; and
before the perturbation pulse and the perturbation interrogation pulse, generate a ranging interrogation pulse in order to determine a height of the surface of the fluid disposed in the reservoir; and
an analyzer configured to:
detect the reflected interrogation pulse response;
process information associated with the detected reflected interrogation pulse response; and
determine a difference between the perturbation acoustic energy and an ejection acoustic energy based on at least information associated with the detected reflected interrogation pulse response, the ejection acoustic energy being sufficient to eject a droplet of the fluid from the reservoir.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the acoustic radiation generator is further configured to, after the ranging interrogation pulse but before the perturbation pulse and the perturbation interrogation pulse, adjust a position of the acoustic radiation generator with respect to the reservoir based on at least information associated with the height of the surface of the fluid disposed in the reservoir so that the perturbation pulse is generated and focused at a site at or near the surface of the fluid.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the acoustic radiation generator is further configured to, after the perturbation pulse and the perturbation interrogation pulse, generate an ejection pulse of acoustic radiation associated with the ejection acoustic energy in a manner effective to eject a droplet of the fluid from the reservoir.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the acoustic radiation generator is coupled to the reservoir through at least a focusing component and an acoustic coupling medium.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the acoustic radiation generator includes a transducer.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the analyzer includes the transducer.
7. An apparatus for acoustically ejecting a droplet of fluid from a reservoir, the apparatus comprising:
an acoustic radiation generator coupled to a reservoir and configured to:
generate a perturbation pulse of acoustic radiation to disturb a surface of a fluid disposed in the reservoir, the perturbation pulse being associated with a perturbation acoustic energy not sufficient to eject any droplet of the fluid from the reservoir;
generate, after the perturbation pulse, a perturbation interrogation pulse of acoustic energy such that the perturbation interrogation pulse is at least partially reflected by the disturbed surface of the fluid to form a reflected interrogation pulse response; and
an analyzer configured to:
detect the reflected interrogation pulse response;
process information associated with the detected reflected interrogation pulse response:
determine a difference between the perturbation acoustic energy and an ejection acoustic energy based on at least information associated with the detected reflected interrogation pulse response, the ejection acoustic energy being sufficient to eject a droplet of the fluid from the reservoir; and
analyze a frequency spectrum of a portion of the detected reflected interrogation pulse response.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the portion of the detected reflected interrogation pulse response is less than 1% of the detected reflected interrogation pulse response.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the analyzer is further configured to use a frequency domain-based algorithm to identify a difference in frequency between two minima of the frequency spectrum of the portion of the detected reflected interrogation pulse response.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the frequency domain-based algorithm is a Fast Fourier Transform-based algorithm.