Methods, systems, and computer readable media for image guided ablation

1. A system for image guided ablation, the system comprising:

an ultrasound transducer configured to produce a real-time 2D ultrasound image slice of a target volume and surrounding tissue;

an ablation probe configured to ablate the target volume;

a display configured to display an image to guide positioning of the ablation probe during ablation of the target volume;

at least one tracker configured to track orientations of the ablation probe, the ultrasound transducer, and a user's head during the ablation of the target volume, wherein the at least one tracker is distinct from the display; and

a rendering and display module configured to:

receive a 3D pre-ablation-treatment image of the target volume;

receive the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice from the ultrasound transducer;

receive data regarding the tracked orientation of the ablation probe, the ultrasound transducer, and the user's head produced by the at least one tracker;

determine a perspective view of the 3D pre-ablation-treatment image in a virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientation of the user's head;

determine a perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientations of the ultrasound transducer and the user's head;

determine a perspective view of a virtual 3D ablation probe in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientations of the ablation probe and the user's head, wherein the virtual 3D ablation probe corresponds to the ablation probe;

determine a perspective view of a virtual 3D ultrasound transducer in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientations of the ultrasound transducer and the user's head, wherein the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer corresponds to the ultrasound transducer;

cause the display to simultaneously and continuously display the perspective view of the 3D pre-ablation-treatment image, the perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice, the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe, and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on a location of the ultrasound transducer and the ablation probe;

subtract from the perspective view of the 3D pre-ablation-treatment image a volume affected by a pass of the ablation probe over a portion of the target volume, wherein the volume affected by the pass of the ablation probe over the portion of the target volume is determined based on a tracked position of the ablation probe at a time of the pass of the ablation probe over the portion of the target volume, a geometry of the ablation probe, and a power setting of the ablation probe at the time of the pass of the ablation probe over the portion of the target volume; and

cause the display to display, for a momentary position of the probe, relative amounts of healthy and tumor tissue that would be affected by an ablation pass.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ablation probe comprises at least one of: a radio frequency ablation (RFA) probe, a microwave ablation probe, or a cryo-ablation probe.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rendering and display module is further configured to:

receive eye calibration data indicating positions of the user's left and right eyes with respect to a tracked position and the tracked orientation of the user's head; and

cause the display to display a stereoscopic image with left and right eye images generated based at least in part on the eye calibration data and the tracked position and orientation of the user's head.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe in the virtual 3D space maintains a parallel orientation with respect to the ablation probe at least during the ablation of the target volume.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rendering and display module is further configured to render pre-operative data including an anatomical context for the ablation of the target volume.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rendering and display module is further configured to render and cause the display to display a volume that will be affected by an ablation pass for a current position and orientation of the ablation probe and for its operational specifications.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rendering and display module is further configured to render guidance graphics including schematic 3D structures to emphasize a spatial relationship of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice and the ablation probe.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rendering and display module is further configured to cause the display to display the perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe in one of:

a centered mode in which the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice is always shown in the center of the display, wherein it is not possible to move the ultrasound transducer such that the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer is not displayed on the display; and

a free mode in which the user can interactively define a position offset between an area within a patient and the virtual 3D space of the display, wherein translational motion of the ablation probe and the ultrasound transducer results in translational motion of the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer in the virtual 3D space, and wherein it is possible to move the ultrasound transducer such that the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer is not displayed on the display.

9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a tine deployment tracker configured to track deployment of tines of the ablation probe and to provide tine deployment tracking data to the rendering and display module, wherein the rendering and display module is further configured to cause the display to display ablation probe tine deployment.

10. A method for producing an image suitable for image guided ablation, the method comprising:

receiving a real-time 2D ultrasound image slice of a target volume and surrounding tissue from an ultrasound transducer;

receiving a 3D pre-ablation image of the target volume;

tracking, using at least one tracker, orientations of an ablation probe, the ultrasound transducer, and a user's head during ablation of the target volume;

determining a perspective view of the 3D pre-ablation-treatment image in a virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientation of the user's head;

determining a perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientations of the ultrasound transducer and the user's head;

determining a perspective view of a virtual 3D ablation probe in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientations of the ablation probe and the user's head, wherein the virtual 3D ablation probe corresponds to the ablation probe;

determining a perspective view of a virtual 3D ultrasound transducer in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientations of the ultrasound transducer and the user's head, wherein the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer corresponds to the ultrasound transducer;

causing a display to simultaneously and continuously display the perspective view of the 3D pre-ablation-treatment image, the perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice, the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe, and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on a location of the ultrasound transducer and the ablation probe, wherein the display is distinct from the at least one tracker;

subtracting from the perspective view of the 3D pre-ablation image a volume affected by a pass of the ablation probe over a portion of the target volume, wherein the volume affected by the pass of the ablation probe over the portion of the target volume is determined based on a tracked position of the ablation probe at a time of the pass of the ablation probe over the portion of the target volume, a geometry of the ablation probe, and a power setting of the ablation probe at the time of the pass of the ablation probe over the portion of the target volume; and

causing the display to display, for a momentary position of the probe, relative amounts of healthy and tumor tissue that would be affected by an ablation pass.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the ablation probe comprises one of: a radio frequency ablation (RFA) probe, a microwave ablation probe, and a cryoablation probe.

12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

receiving eye calibration data regarding positions of a user's left and right eyes; and

causing the display to display a stereoscopic image including left and right eye images generated based at least in part the eye calibration data and a tracked position and the tracked orientation of the user's head.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe maintain a parallel orientation with respect to the ultrasound transducer and the ablation probe, respectively, at least during guidance of the ablation probe to the target volume and during the ablation of the target volume.

14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising rendering preoperative data including an anatomical context for the ablation of the target volume.

15. The method of claim 10 , further comprising rendering and causing the display to display a predicted treatment volume for a current position and orientation of the ablation probe and for its operational specifications.

16. The method of claim 10 , further comprising rendering guidance graphics including schematic 3D structures to emphasize a spatial relationship between the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice and the ablation probe.

17. The method of claim 10 , further comprising causing the display to display the perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe in one of the following modes:

a centered mode in which the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice is always shown in the center of the display, wherein it is not possible to move the ultrasound transducer such that the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer is not displayed on the display;

a free mode in which the user can interactively define a position offset between an area within a patient and the virtual 3D space of the display, wherein translational motion of the ablation probe and the ultrasound transducer results in translational motion of the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer in the virtual 3D space, and wherein it is possible to move the ultrasound transducer such that the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer is not displayed on the display.

18. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

tracking deployment of tines of the ablation probe; and

causing the display to display a position of the tines of the ablation probe in the virtual 3D space.

19. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon executable instructions that when executed by a processor of a computer perform steps, the steps comprising:

receiving a real-time 2D ultrasound image slice of a target volume and surrounding tissue from an ultrasound transducer;

receiving a 3D pre-ablation image of the target volume;

tracking, using at least one tracker, orientations of an ablation probe, the ultrasound transducer, and a user's head during ablation of the target volume;

determining a perspective view of the 3D pre-ablation-treatment image in a virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientation of the user's head;

determining a perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientations of the ultrasound transducer and the user's head;

determining a perspective view of a virtual 3D ablation probe in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientations of the ablation probe and the user's head, wherein the virtual 3D ablation probe corresponds to the ablation probe;

determining a perspective view of a virtual 3D ultrasound transducer in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on the tracked orientations of the ultrasound transducer and the user's head, wherein the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer corresponds to the ultrasound transducer;

causing a display to simultaneously and continuously display the perspective view of the 3D pre-ablation-treatment image, the perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice, the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe, and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer in the virtual 3D space based at least in part on a location of the ultrasound transducer and the ablation probe;

subtracting from the perspective view of the 3D pre-ablation image a volume affected by a pass of the ablation probe over a portion of the target volume, wherein the volume affected by the pass of the ablation probe over the portion of the target volume is determined based on a tracked position of the ablation probe at a time of the pass of the ablation probe over the portion of the target volume, a geometry of the ablation probe, and a power setting of the ablation probe at the time of the pass of the ablation probe over the portion of the target volume; and

causing the display to display, for a momentary position of the probe, relative amounts of healthy and tumor tissue that would be affected by an ablation pass.

20. The system of claim 1 , wherein the perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer are displayed in the virtual 3D space when the ultrasound transducer is located within a predetermined area and the perspective view of the real-time 2D ultrasound image slice and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ultrasound transducer are not displayed in the virtual 3D space when the ultrasound transducer is located outside the predetermined area.

21. The system of claim 1 , wherein the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe is displayed in the virtual 3D space when the ablation probe is located within a predetermined area and the perspective view of the virtual 3D ablation probe is not displayed in the virtual 3D space when the ablation probe is located outside the predetermined area.