Downhole mass spectrometry

1. A method, comprising:

flowing drilling mud through a downhole tool positioned within a wellbore extending through a subterranean formation;

receiving a sample in the downhole tool;

using an ion source of the downhole tool to chemically ionize a molecule of the sample by at least ionizing a chemical reagent, wherein the chemical reagent is a component of the drilling mud, and wherein ionizing the chemical reagent causes an ionization plasma that reacts with the sample to generate specific ions;

using a first mass analyzer of the downhole tool to isolate the specific ions within the sample received in the downhole tool, wherein the downhole tool is configured to be positioned within the wellbore extending through the subterranean formation;

using a second mass analyzer of the downhole tool to stabilize the ions isolated by the first mass analyzer; and

using a third mass analyzer of the downhole tool to catalog the stabilized ions.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ion source comprises a closed ion source.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing information about the isolated ions using spectrum data cataloged by the third mass analyzer.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the information comprises molecule configuration of a molecule from which the isolated ions have been generated.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the information comprises isomer discrimination information of the molecule.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the second mass analyzer comprises causing collision-induced dissociation (CID) or infrared multi-photon dissociation (IRMPD).

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first mass analyzer, the second mass analyzer, and the third mass analyzer comprises a mass filter quadrupole spectrometer.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first mass analyzer comprises a first mass filter quadrupole spectrometer, wherein the second mass analyzer comprises a second mass filter quadrupole spectrometer, and wherein the third mass analyzer comprises a third mass filter quadrupole spectrometer.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising conveying the downhole tool within the wellbore via a drill string or a wireline.

10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising operating the downhole tool to receive the sample from the subterranean formation.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising operating the downhole tool to receive the sample from the wellbore.

12. An apparatus, comprising:

a downhole tool configured to receive a sample and to circulate a drilling mud within a wellbore extending through a subterranean formation, wherein the downhole tool comprises:

an ion source comprising a chemical reagent that is a component of the drilling mud, wherein the ion source is configured to chemically ionize a specific molecule of the sample at least by ionizing the chemical reagent that is the component of the drilling mud, wherein ionizing the chemical reagent is configured to cause an ionization plasma that generates specific ions through reactions of the sample with the ionization plasma;

a first mass analyzer configured to isolate the specific ions;

a second mass analyzer configured to stabilize the isolated ions; and

a third mass analyzer configured to catalog the stabilized ions.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the ion source is a closed ion source.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the second mass analyzer is configured to stabilize the isolated ions by collision-induced dissociation (CID) or infrared multi-photon dissociation (IRMPD).

15. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the first mass analyzer, the second mass analyzer, and the third mass analyzer comprises a mass filter quadrupole spectrometer.

16. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the first mass analyzer comprises a first mass filter quadrupole spectrometer, wherein the second mass analyzer comprises a second mass filter quadrupole spectrometer, and wherein the third mass analyzer comprises a third mass filter quadrupole spectrometer.

17. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the downhole tool further comprises means for receiving the sample from drilling fluid in the borehole.

18. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the downhole tool further comprises means for receiving the sample from formation fluid in the subterranean formation.