Multi-layer piezoelectric element, and piezoelectric actuator, injection device, and fuel injection system provided with same
There are provided a multi-layer piezoelectric element which is capable of suppression of occurrence of an imperfect area, suffers from no development of leakage current even with moisture intrusion, has long-term freedom from variations in displacement and can achieve stable driving, as well as to provide a piezoelectric actuator, an injection device, and a fuel injection system provided with the multi-layer piezoelectric element. A multi-layer piezoelectric element includes a stacked body in which piezoelectric layers and internal electrodes acting as positive and negative internal electrodes are laminated; an inorganic coating attached to a side surface of the stacked body where ends of both the positive internal electrodes and the negative internal electrodes are exposed; and metal particles composed predominantly of a metal element contained in the internal electrodes, the metal particles dispersed in the inorganic coating.
1. A multi-layer piezoelectric element, comprising:
a stacked body having at least two exposed side surfaces and at least two other side surfaces in which piezoelectric layers and internal electrodes acting as positive internal electrodes and negative internal electrodes are laminated;
an inorganic coating attached to the two exposed side surfaces of the stacked body where ends of both the positive internal electrodes and the negative internal electrodes are exposed;
external electrodes disposed on the other side surfaces that are electrically connected to the internal electrodes; and
metal particles composed predominantly of a metal element contained in the internal electrodes, the metal particles dispersed in the inorganic coating.
2. The multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 1 ,
wherein the metal particles are unevenly distributed so that a concentration of metal particles is lower proximate to the internal electrodes than a concentration proximate to an outer surface of the inorganic coating.
3. The multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 1 ,
wherein the inorganic coating includes voids located on the side surface sides of the stacked body.
4. The multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 1 ,
wherein the inorganic coating is made of a piezoelectric material.
5. The multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 1 ,
wherein the metal element contained in the internal electrodes is silver, and the metal particles are silver particles.
6. A piezoelectric actuator, comprising:
the multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 1 ; and
a case that contains the multi-layer piezoelectric element therein.
7. An injection device, comprising:
a container provided with an injection hole; and
the multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 1 ,
a fluid stored in the container being injected through the injection hole by driving the multi-layer piezoelectric element.
8. A fuel injection system, comprising:
a common rail configured to store a high-pressure fuel;
the injection device according to claim 7 , the injection device being configured to inject the high-pressure fuel stored in the common rail;
a pressure pump configured to supply the high-pressure fuel to the common rail; and
an injection control unit configured to send drive signals to the injection device.
9. A multi-layer piezoelectric element, comprising:
a stacked body in which piezoelectric layers and internal electrodes acting as positive internal electrodes and negative internal electrodes are laminated; and
an inorganic coating attached to a side surface of the stacked body where ends of both the positive internal electrodes and the negative internal electrodes are exposed, wherein the inorganic coating includes metal particles unevenly dispersed in a ceramic.
10. The multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 9 ,
wherein the metal particles are unevenly distributed so that a concentration of metal particles is lower proximate to the internal electrodes than a concentration proximate to an outer surface of the inorganic coating.
11. The multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 9 ,
wherein the inorganic coating includes voids located on the side surface side of the stacked body.
12. The multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 9 ,
wherein the inorganic coating is made of a piezoelectric material.
13. The multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 9 ,
wherein a metal element contained in the internal electrodes is silver, and the metal particles are silver particles.
14. A piezoelectric actuator, comprising:
the multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 9 ; and
a case that contains the multi-layer piezoelectric element therein.
15. An injection device, comprising:
a container provided with an injection hole; and
the multi-layer piezoelectric element according to claim 9 ,
a fluid stored in the container being injected through the injection hole by driving the multi-layer piezoelectric element.
16. A fuel injection system, comprising:
a common rail configured to store a high-pressure fuel;
the injection device according to claim 15 , the injection device being configured to inject the high-pressure fuel stored in the common rail;
a pressure pump configured to supply the high-pressure fuel to the common rail; and
an injection control unit configured to send drive signals to the injection device.