Alkaline microbial enhanced oil recovery

1. A method of enhancing oil recovery comprising

(a) water-flooding an oil reservoir with an alkaline fluid or a fluid containing a compound toxic to indigenous microbes to reduce the concentration of microbes that have the ability to utilize short chain hydrocarbons of about 12 carbons or less,

(b) inoculating said oil reservoir with a consortium comprising microbes that naturally are, or are engineered to be, obligatory alkaliphilic, halo-alkaliphilic or alkaline tolerant and naturally are, or are engineered to be, deficient in their ability to utilize short chain hydrocarbons of 12 carbons or less but have the ability to convert hydrocarbons into fatty acids,

(c) allowing the consortium to proliferate and degrade hydrocarbons of greater than 12 carbons, and

(d) obtaining enhanced oil recovery from the oil reservoir, wherein step (c) is performed under alkaline conditions.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes that are naturally alkaliphilic, halo-alkaliphilic or alkaline tolerant.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes that are engineered to be alkaliphilic, halo-alkaliphilic or alkaline tolerant.

4. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes that are naturally deficient in their ability to degrade short chain hydrocarbons of 12 carbons or less.

5. The method of claim 1 , 2 , or 3 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes that are engineered to be unable to degrade short chain hydrocarbons of 12 carbons or less.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes in which one or more metabolic pathways for degrading short chain hydrocarbons of 12 carbons or less are down regulated or deleted or modified.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes in which one or more metabolic pathways for degrading hydrocarbon chains of greater than 12 carbons are introduced.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes that are capable of utilizing hydrocarbons having at least 40 carbons present in the oil reservoir as a carbon source.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes that are additionally capable of growing in an environment of a salt concentration of at least about 5%.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein a salt concentration of at least about 5% is provided in the reservoir.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes that are capable of utilizing carbons selected from the group consisting of glucose, sucrose, mannose, starch, glycerin, and organic acids.

12. The method of claim 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , or 11 , wherein in step b a nutrient mixture comprising a soluble carbon source is injected into said oil reservoir along with said consortium.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said nutrient mixture further comprises at least one non-hydrocarbon nutrient.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said non-hydrocarbon nutrient is selected from the group consisting of yeast extract, peptone, succinate, lactate, formate, acetate, propionate, glutamate, glycine, lysine, citrate, glucose, and vitamin solutions.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said microbes are selected from the domain Archaea and bacteria.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the consortium is able to grow at pH of 9.0 or higher.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the consortium is able to grow at pH of 10.0 or higher.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes selected from the domain Archaea and bacteria that are obligatory alkaliphiles, halo-alkaliphiles or alkaline tolerant, and have the ability to utilize ring aromatic hydrocarbons.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes selected from the domain Archaea and bacteria that are obligatory alkaliphiles, halo-alkaliphiles or alkaline tolerant, that have the ability to utilize modified hydrocarbons containing sulfur.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes selected from the domain Archaea and bacteria that are obligatory alkaliphiles, halo-alkaliphiles or alkaline tolerant, and have the ability to utilize modified hydrocarbons containing nitrogen.

21. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes selected from the domain Archaea and bacteria that are obligatory alkaliphiles, halo-alkaliphiles or alkaline tolerant, and have the ability to produce surfactants.

22. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes selected from the domain Archaea and bacteria that are obligatory alkaliphiles, halo-alkaliphiles or alkaline tolerant, and have the ability to produce extracellular polymers.

23. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding to the reservoir at least one chemical inhibitor to control a metabolic pathway of at least one indigenous microbe present in the reservoir or obligatory alkaliphilic, halo-alkaliphilic or alkaline tolerant microbe inoculated into the reservoir.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein said chemical inhibitor inhibits the degradation of short-chain alkanes of 1 to 4 carbon atoms by said indigenous or inoculated microbe.

25. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consortium comprises microbes selected from the domain Archaea and bacteria that are obligatory alkaliphiles, halo-alkaliphiles or alkaline tolerant, and that have been engineered to produce surfactant.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the production of surfactant is independent of the expression of genes that code for the degradation of hydrocarbons.