Dendritic macroporous hydrogels prepared by crystal templating
The present invention includes a hydrogel and a method of making a porous hydrogel by preparing an aqueous mixture of an uncrosslinked polymer and a crystallizable molecule; casting the mixture into a vessel; allowing the cast mixture to dry to form an amorphous hydrogel film; seeding the cast mixture with a seed crystal of the crystallizable molecule; growing the crystallizable molecule into a crystal structure within the uncrosslinked polymer; crosslinking the polymer around the crystal structure under conditions in which the crystal structure within the crosslinked polymer is maintained; and dissolving the crystals within the crosslinked polymer to form the porous hydrogel.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a hydrogel film having first and second opposing ends;
alginate included in the hydrogel film;
cyclodextrin included in the hydrogel film; and
at least one crystal included in the hydrogel film;
wherein the at least one crystal is (a) dendritically branched, (b) at least 1 micron in diameter, and (c) comprises the cyclodextrin.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel film has top and bottom surfaces connecting the first and second ends, and the at least one crystal is distributed from the top surface to the bottom surface and from the first end to the second end.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein the at least one crystal forms a continuous crystal network, connecting the first and second ends, including first and second crystal portions parallel to one another; and
the apparatus further comprises a compressed fiber, including a ridge, compressed between the first and second crystal portions.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the compressed fiber is included in a plurality of compressed fibers formed among alternating valleys and ridges.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one crystal forms a continuous crystal network.