Catalysts and related processes for producing optically pure beta-lactones from aldehydes and compositions produced thereby

Bi-functional cobalt-containing catalysts useful for making stereo specific compounds and compositions, along with methods of making, and uses thereof in the syntheses of optically pure β-lactones from aldehydes and ketene are described. Precursors, intermediates, compositions, and particular features of the use if the compositions, such as high enantiomeric selectivity, high yield and low mole percent of catalyst useful are provided.