Control of atmosphere within a closed environment
A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling a concentration of carbon dioxide in a gaseous atmosphere within a closed environment of a refrigerated transport container to maintain the concentration of carbon dioxide therein at a desired level. A carbon dioxide scrubber apparatus operates alternately in an adsorption mode and a regeneration mode. When a perishable produce is stowed in the closed environment, for example in a cargo box of a refrigerated transport container, the concentration of carbon dioxide may be maintain at a desired level to retard ripening of the perishable produce.
1. A regenerative scrubber system for removing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere within a closed environment of a refrigerated container for transport of perishable produce, comprising:
at least one scrubber apparatus housing a porous mass of a carbon dioxide adsorbent material, the scrubber apparatus defining a flow path through the scrubber apparatus traversing the porous mass of a carbon dioxide adsorbent material;
a scrubber system bypass providing a bypass flow path excluding the at least one scrubber apparatus, the scrubber system bypass including a bypass flow control device to control flow between the flow path through the scrubber apparatus and the bypass flow path; and
a controller for selectively (i) directing a gas from the atmosphere within the closed environment along said flow path and to a heat exchanger during operation in an adsorption mode, and (ii) selectively directing air from outside the closed environment along said flow path and directing gas from the atmosphere within the closed environment along the bypass flow path to the heat exchanger during operation in a regeneration mode.
2. The regenerative scrubber system as recited in claim 1 wherein the controller is operative for switching operation of said at least one scrubber apparatus between the adsorption mode and the regeneration mode.
3. The regenerative scrubber system as recited in claim 2 wherein the controller is operative for switching operation of said at least one scrubber apparatus between the adsorption mode and the regeneration mode at predetermined time intervals.
4. The regenerative scrubber system as recited in claim 2 wherein the controller is operative for switching operation of the at least one scrubber apparatus between the adsorption mode and the regeneration mode in response to a sensed concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere within the closed environment.
5. The regenerative scrubber system as recited in claim 1 wherein:
said at least one scrubber apparatus comprises a first scrubber apparatus and a second scrubber apparatus operatively disposed in parallel relationship, the first scrubber apparatus housing a first porous mass of a carbon dioxide adsorbent material and the second scrubber apparatus housing a second porous mass of a carbon dioxide adsorbent material; and said controller is configured to operate one of the first and second porous masses of a regenerative carbon dioxide adsorbent material in an adsorption mode and simultaneously operate the other one of the first and second porous masses of a regenerative carbon dioxide adsorbent material in a regeneration mode.
6. The regenerative scrubber system as recited in claim 5 wherein the controller is configured to switch operation of the first scrubber apparatus and the second scrubber apparatus between the adsorption mode and the regeneration mode after a predetermined period of time.
7. The regenerative scrubber system as recited in claim 5 wherein the controller is configured to switch operation of the first scrubber apparatus and the second scrubber apparatus between the adsorption mode and the regeneration mode in response to a sensed concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere within the closed environment.
8. The regenerative scrubber apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the scrubber apparatus comprises:
an inner shell, an intermediate shell and an outer shell disposed in radially spaced relationship about a central axis;
said inner shell defining a hollow core;
said inner shell and said intermediate shell defining an annular space therebetween, the porous mass of regenerative carbon dioxide adsorbent disposed in the annular space between said inner shell and said intermediate shell;
said outer shell and said intermediate shell defining an annular outer flow passage therebetween;
a plurality of flow openings formed in said intermediate shell; and
a plurality of flow openings formed in said inner shell.
9. The regenerative scrubber apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the scrubber apparatus comprises:
an outer shell defining a hollow core; and
a plurality of tubes disposed coaxially and arrayed in spaced parallel arrangement within the core defined by the outer shell, the porous mass of regenerative carbon dioxide adsorbent disposed in the core amongst the array of tubes and between the array of tubes and the outer shell.
10. The regenerative scrubber apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein the scrubber apparatus comprises:
an outer shell and an inner shell, the outer shell circumscribing and disposed in radially spaced relationship to and coaxially about the inner shell, thereby defining an annular outer flow passage about the inner shell, the inner shell defining a hollow core in which a porous mass of regenerative carbon dioxide adsorbent material is disposed.