Measuring element, measuring body and measuring arrangement for measuring a force, and use of such a measuring body
A measuring element formed of a piezoelectric crystal of symmetry class 32 for measuring a force Fz, which acts perpendicularly on the plane x-y and causes a charge accumulation on surfaces of the plane x-y. Applications are measurements in which the transverse forces Fxy orthogonal to the force Fz, which generate an error signal at the measuring element, are expected on the measuring body. The measuring element includes at least four identical measuring element segments having straight edges. In the x-y plane the segments are arranged side by side and spaced apart by narrow gaps at the edges. Together, the segments form the shape of a disc or perforated disc for reducing the interference signals caused by the transverse forces Fxy on the measuring element. The crystal orientations in the x-y plane of all segments are oriented in the same direction or orthogonal to each other.
1. A measuring element made of a piezoelectric crystal of symmetry class 32, and which is realized flat in a plane x-y and intended for installation into a measuring body for measuring a force Fz that acts perpendicularly upon the plane x-y and causes a charge accumulation on the surfaces of the measuring element that receive the force Fz and are provided with electrodes, and wherein transverse forces Fxy that act orthogonally to the force Fz and generate an error signal at the measuring element are expected upon the measuring body during a measurement, the measuring element comprising:
at least four identical measuring element segments, each segment including a crystal with straight flanks, wherein the segments are in the x-y plane adjacently arranged close to one another and spaced apart by narrow gaps at the flanks, and wherein said segments jointly form the shape of a disk or perforated disk in order to reduce the interference signals caused by transverse forces Fxy acting upon the measuring element, and in that the crystal orientations are aligned in the same direction or orthogonally to one another in the x-y plane of all segments.
2. The measuring element according to claim 1 , wherein the segments cover at least 80% of the surface of the disk or perforated disk.
3. The measuring element according to claim 1 , wherein the identical measuring element segments have the same material properties, shapes, dimensions and sensitivities.
4. The measuring element according to claim 1 , wherein the polarizing directions of all adjacently positioned measuring element segments are oriented in the same direction.
5. The measuring element according to claim 1 , wherein the crystal orientations of adjacent segments are aligned orthogonally to one another in alternating directions in the x-y plane.
6. The measuring element according to claim 1 , wherein all measuring element segments are electrically connected to one another in parallel in order to add up the partial signals of all measuring element segments.
7. The measuring element according to claim 1 , wherein the two electrodes continuously cover at least the surface of the disk or perforated disk to both sides of the segments.
8. The measuring element according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the electrodes of the measuring element includes several partial electrodes that are electrically insulated from one another and respectively cover only exactly one force-receiving surface of a measuring element segment, wherein all partial electrodes are connected to devices for additionally processing and subsequently adding up the partial force signals to Fz in an electrically insulated fashion.
9. A measuring body comprising:
two measuring elements, each measuring element made of a piezoelectric crystal of symmetry class 32, and which is realized flat in a plane x-y and intended for installation into a measuring body for measuring a force Fz that acts perpendicularly upon the plane x-y and causes a charge accumulation on the surfaces of the measuring element that receive the force and are provided with electrodes, and wherein transverse forces Fxy that act orthogonally to the force Fz and generate an error signal at the measuring element are expected upon the measuring body during a measurement, wherein the measuring element includes:
at least four identical measuring element segments, each segment including a crystal with straight flanks, wherein the segments are in the x-y plane adjacently arranged close to one another and spaced apart by narrow gaps at the flanks, and wherein said segments jointly form the shape of a disk or perforated disk in order to reduce the interference signals caused by transverse forces Fxy acting upon the measuring element, and in that the crystal orientations are aligned in the same direction or orthogonally to one another in the x-y plane of all segments, wherein the two measuring elements are arranged such that their respective force-receiving surfaces lie one above the other and include a common electrode arranged in between.
10. The measuring body according to claim 9 , wherein the crystal orientations of adjacent segments of different measuring elements are aligned orthogonally to one another.
11. The measuring body according to claim 9 , comprising at least one additional measuring element for measuring forces Fx and/or Fy and/or a moment Mz.
12. The measuring body according to claim 11 , wherein each additional measuring element for Fx, Fy or Mz consists of a one-piece disk or a perforated disk.
13. The measuring body ( 2 ) according to claim 9 , wherein the force-applying surfaces of the measuring body are aligned parallel to the pressure-receiving or force-receiving surfaces of the measuring elements.
14. The use of a measuring body claim 9 in a milling or planing tool, in order to determine the forces occurring orthogonally to the processing direction.
15. A measuring arrangement comprising:
a measuring body including two measuring elements, each measuring element made of a piezoelectric crystal of symmetry class 32 and which is realized flat in a plane x-y and intended for installation into the measuring body for measuring a force Fz that acts perpendicularly upon the plane x-y and causes a charge accumulation on the surfaces of the measuring element that receive the force and are provided with electrodes, and wherein transverse forces Fxy that act orthogonally to the force Fz and generate an error signal at the measuring element are expected upon the measuring body during a measurement, wherein each measuring element includes:
at least four identical measuring element segments, each segment including a crystal with straight flanks, wherein the segments are in the x-y plane adjacently arranged close to one another and spaced apart by narrow gaps at the flanks, and wherein said segments jointly form the shape of a disk or perforated disk in order to reduce the interference signals caused by transverse forces Fxy acting upon the measuring element, and in that the crystal orientations are aligned in the same direction or orthogonally to one another in the x-y plane of all segments, wherein each measuring element segment includes an electrically insulated partial electrode and the partial electrodes are electrically connected to one another in parallel in order to add up the partial signals of all measuring element segments,
wherein the two measuring elements are arranged such that their force-receiving surfaces lie one above the other and feature a common electrode arranged in between and
wherein the measuring arrangement including several measuring signal amplifiers, wherein each electrically insulated partial electrode is connected to a separate measuring signal amplifier in order to convert the measuring signals.
16. The measuring arrangement according to claim 15 , wherein the outputs of all measuring signal amplifiers are electrically connected to one another in such a way that the output signals are added up.