Optical filter and sensor system
An optical filter having a passband at least partially overlapping with a wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm is provided. The optical filter includes a filter stack formed of hydrogenated silicon layers and lower-refractive index layers stacked in alternation. The hydrogenated silicon layers each have a refractive index of greater than 3 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm and an extinction coefficient of less than 0.0005 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm.
1. An optical filter comprising:
a filter stack comprising:
a plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers, wherein the plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers have a refractive index of greater than 3 over a wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm and an extinction coefficient of less than 0.0005 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm; and
a plurality of lower-refractive-index layers, wherein the plurality of lower-refractive-index layers each have a refractive index of less than 3 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm, and wherein the plurality of lower-refractive-index layers are stacked in alternation with the plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers;
wherein the optical filter has a passband at least partially overlapping with the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm,
wherein the passband has a center wavelength that shifts by less than 20 nm in magnitude with a change in an incidence angle between 0° to 30°, thereby providing the optical filter with a wide incidence-angle acceptance range.
2. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers each have a refractive index of greater than 3.6 at a wavelength of 830 nm.
3. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers each have a refractive index of greater than 3.5 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm.
4. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers each have an absorption coefficient of less than 0.0004 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm.
5. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lower-refractive-index layers each have a refractive index of less than 2.5 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm.
6. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lower-refractive-index layers are each composed of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), niobium pentoxide (Nb 2 O 5 ), tantalum pentoxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), or a mixture thereof.
7. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the optical filter has a transmittance level, within the passband, of greater than 90% over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm.
8. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the optical filter has a blocking level, outside of the passband, of greater than OD2 over a wavelength range of 400 nm to 1100 nm.
9. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the optical filter is a long-wavelength-pass edge filter, and wherein the passband has an edge wavelength in the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm.
10. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the optical filter is a bandpass filter, and wherein the passband has a center wavelength in the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm.
11. The optical filter of claim 10 , wherein the passband has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 50 nm.
12. The optical filter of claim 1 , further comprising:
a substrate, wherein the filter stack is disposed on a first surface of the substrate; and
an antireflective (AR) coating disposed on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface.
13. The optical filter of claim 12 , wherein the optical filter has a total coating thickness of less than 10 μm.
14. The optical filter of claim 1 , forming part of a sensor system including a light source for emitting light at an emission wavelength within the passband of the optical filter, and a sensor for detecting the emitted light,
wherein the optical filter receives the emitted light from the light source and transmits the emitted light to the sensor.
15. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers are each deposited by pulsed direct current (DC) sputtering.
16. A sensor system comprising:
an optical filter, having a passband including an emission wavelength and at least partially overlapping with a wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm, being disposed to receive emitted light and transmit the emitted light,
wherein the emitted light is, emitted from a light source, at the emission wavelength in the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm, and
wherein the optical filter includes a filter stack including:
a plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers, wherein the plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers each have a refractive index of greater than 3 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm and an extinction coefficient of less than 0.0005 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm; and
a plurality of lower-refractive-index layers, wherein the plurality of lower-refractive-index layers each have a refractive index of less than 3 over the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm, and wherein the plurality of lower-refractive-index layers are stacked in alternation with the plurality of hydrogenated silicon layers,
wherein a passband of the optical filter has a center wavelength that shifts by less than 20 nm in magnitude with a change in an incidence angle between 0° to 30°, thereby providing the optical filter with a wide incidence-angle acceptance range; and
a sensor, disposed to receive the emitted light after transmission by the optical filter, for detecting the emitted light.
17. The sensor system of claim 16 , wherein the optical filter is disposed directly on the sensor.
18. The sensor system of claim 16 , wherein
the sensor system is a proximity sensor system,
the emitted light is directed toward a target,
the optical filter is disposed to receive the emitted light after reflection by the target, and
the sensor is a proximity sensor for detecting the emitted light and sensing a proximity of the target.
19. The sensor system of claim 16 , wherein
the sensor system is a three-dimensional (3D) imaging system,
the emitted light is directed toward a target,
the optical filter is disposed to receive the emitted light after reflection by the target, and
the sensor is a 3D image sensor for detecting the emitted light and providing a 3D image of the target.
20. The sensor system of claim 19 , wherein
the 3D imaging system is a gesture-recognition system,
the target is a user of the gesture-recognition system, and
the sensor system further includes:
a processing system for processing the 3D image of the user to recognize a gesture of the user.
21. The sensor system of claim 16 , wherein the sensor is a charge-coupled device (CCD) chip or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip.
22. The sensor system of claim 16 , wherein the optical filter is formed directly on the sensor by using wafer-level processing.
23. The sensor system of claim 16 , wherein the optical filter further includes:
a substrate, wherein the filter stack is disposed on a first surface of the substrate; and
an antireflective (AR) coating disposed on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface.