Selective sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor modulators and methods of chiral synthesis
Compounds that selectively modulate the sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor are provided including compounds which modulate subtype 1 of the S1P receptor. Methods of chiral synthesis of such compounds are provided. Uses, methods of treatment or prevention and methods of preparing inventive compositions including inventive compounds are provided in connection with the treatment or prevention of diseases, malconditions, and disorders for which modulation of the sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor is medically indicated.
1. A method for the synthesis of a compound comprising an indane moiety having a chiral carbon in the five-membered ring of the indane moiety where the compound is enantiomerically enriched with respect to the chiral carbon, wherein the compound is
the method comprising the steps of:
(i) providing an indane moiety where the ring carbon of the five-membered ring of the indane moiety where chiral substitution is desired is oxo substituted at such carbon, the compound having the following structure:
(ii) reacting the compound of step (i) with a chiral reagent, wherein the chiral agent is a chiral sulfinamide of the form RS(═O)NH 2 where R is selected from the group consisting of t-butyl, branched C 2-6 alkyl and C 3-8 cycloalkyl, thereby forming a compound of one of the following structures:
(iii) forming a chiral center at the indane moiety carbon previously bound to the oxo group by reacting the compound of step (ii) with a reducing agent, thereby forming a compound of one of the following structures:
(iv) converting the compound of step (iii) to a chiral amine, thereby forming a compound of one of the following structures:
(v) reacting the compound of step (v) with an activated substituted alkyl group, a compound of one of the following structures where P is a protecting group;
(vi) reacting the compound of step (v) with an activated substituted alkyl group, thereby forming a compound of one of the following structures where R″ is a substituted alkyl group;
and
(vii) treating the compound of step (vi) with a hydroxylamine or a hydroxylamine hydrochloride to convert the cyano substituent to a hydroxyamidine at the 4-position of the indane moiety, thereby forming a compound of one of the following structures:
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the compound formed in step (ii) is:
the compound formed in step (iii) is:
the compound formed in step (iv) is:
the compound formed in step (v) is:
the compound formed in step (vi) is:
and
the compound formed in step (vii) is:
3. The method of claim 1 wherein
the compound formed in step (ii) is:
the compound formed in step (iii) is:
the compound formed in step (iv) is:
the compound formed in step (v) is:
the compound formed in step (vi) is:
and
the compound formed in step (vii) is:
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the chiral reagent is t-Bu-S(═O)NH 2 .
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the compound formed in step (ii) has one of the following structures:
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the compound formed in step (iii) has one of the following structures:
7. The method of claim 1 wherein step (vii) is carried out in the presence of a base.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of:
(viii) contacting the compound of step (vii) with a substituted benzoic acid and a coupling reagent to form a compound of one of the following structures:
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the coupling reagent is a mixture comprising hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC).
10. The method of claim 8 wherein P is Boc and R″ is —CH 2 CH 2 —OTBS and the compound of step (viii) is one of the following structures:
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the formation of the compound of step (viii) proceeds through one of the following intermediate structures,
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the formation of the compound of step (viii) proceeds through one of the following intermediate structures:
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound of step (vii) is enantiomerically enriched at least 90%.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the compound of step (vii) is enantiomerically enriched at least 95%.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the compound of step (vii) is enantiomerically enriched at least 98%.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the compound of step (vii) is enantiomerically enriched at least 99%.
17. The method of claim 10 wherein the method further comprises the step of:
(ix) deprotecting the compound of step (viii) to form a compound of one of the following structures:
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the compound of step (ix) is:
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the compound of step (ix) is:
20. A method for the synthesis of a compound comprising an indane moiety having a chiral carbon in the five-membered ring of the indane moiety where the compound is enantiomerically enriched with respect to the chiral carbon, wherein the compound is
the method comprising the steps of:
(i) providing an indane moiety having the following structure:
(ii) reacting the compound of step (i) with a chiral reagent, wherein the chiral agent is t-Bu-S(═O)NH 2 , thereby forming a compound having the following structure:
(iii) reacting the compound of step (ii) with a reducing agent, thereby forming a compound having the following structure:
(iv) converting the compound of step (iii) to a chiral amine, thereby forming a compound having the following structure:
(v) converting the compound of step (iv) to a protected chiral amine, thereby forming a compound having the following structure where P is a protecting group:
(vi) reacting the compound of step (v) with an activated substituted alkyl group, wherein the activated substituted alkyl group is (2-bromoethoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane, thereby forming a compound of the following structure:
(vii) treating the compound of step (vi) with a hydroxylamine or a hydroxylamine hydrochloride, thereby forming a compound of the following structure:
(viii) contacting the compound of step (vii) with a substituted benzoic acid and a coupling reagent to form a compound of the following structure:
and
(ix) deprotecting the compound of step (viii) to form a compound of the following structure:
21. A method for the synthesis of a compound comprising an indane moiety having a chiral carbon in the five-membered ring of the indane moiety where the compound is enantiomerically enriched with respect to the chiral carbon, wherein the compound is
the method comprising the steps of:
(i) providing an indane moiety having the following structure:
(ii) reacting the compound of step (i) with a chiral reagent, wherein the chiral agent is t-Bu-S(═O)NH 2 , thereby forming a compound having the following structure:
(iii) reacting the compound of step (ii) with a reducing agent, thereby forming a compound having the following structure:
(iv) converting the compound of step (iii) to a chiral amine, thereby forming a compound having the following structure:
(v) converting the compound of step (iv) to a protected chiral amine, thereby forming a compound having the following structure where P is a protecting group:
(vi) reacting the compound of step (v) with an activated substituted alkyl group, wherein the activated substituted alkyl group is (2-bromoethoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane, thereby forming a compound of the following structure:
(vii) treating the compound of step (vi) with a hydroxylamine or a hydroxylamine hydrochloride, thereby forming a compound of the following structure:
(viii) contacting the compound of step (vii) with a substituted benzoic acid and a coupling reagent to form a compound of the following structure:
and
(ix) deprotecting the compound of step (viii) to form a compound of the following structure:
22. The method of claim 20 wherein the formation of the compound of step (viii) proceeds through the following intermediate structure:
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the formation of the compound of step (viii) proceeds through the following intermediate structure:
24. The method of any one of claims 21 and 22 wherein step (ii) is performed in the presence of Ti(OEt) 4 .
25. The method of any one of claims 21 and 22 wherein the reducing agent of step (iii) is sodium borohydride.
26. The method of any one of claims 21 and 22 wherein step (iv) is accomplished in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
27. The method of any one of claims 21 and 22 wherein step (v) is accomplished by addition of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc 2 O) and P is Boc.
28. The method of any one of claims 21 and 22 wherein step (vi) is accomplished in the presence of sodium hydride.
29. The method of any one of claims 21 and 22 wherein step (vii) is accomplished in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and trimethylamine.
30. The method of any one of claims 21 and 22 wherein the coupling reagent of step (viii) is a mixture comprising hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC).
31. The method of claim 30 wherein heat is applied following the addition of the coupling agent.
32. The method of any one of claims 21 and 22 wherein step (ix) is accomplished in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
33. The method of any one of claims 18 - 22 wherein the compound of step (viii) is enantiomerically enriched at least 90%.
34. The method of any one of claims 18 - 22 wherein the compound of step (viii) is enantiomerically enriched at least 95%.
35. The method of any one of claims 18 - 22 wherein the compound of step (viii) is enantiomerically enriched at least 98%.
36. The method of any one of claims 18 - 22 wherein the compound of step (viii) is enantiomerically enriched at least 99%.