Glass-ceramic(s); associated formable and/or color-tunable, crystallizable glass(es); and associated process(es)
Disclosed herein are one or more of formable and/or color-tunable, crystallizable glasses; formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; IXable, formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; IX, formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; a machine or equipment including a formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramic; a machine or equipment including an IXable, formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; a machine or equipment including an IX, formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; one or more processes for making formable, crystallizable glasses crystallizable; one or more processes for making formable and/or color-tunable, crystallizable glasses; one or more processes for making formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; one or more processes for making IXable, formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; one or more processes for making IX, formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; and one or more processes for using any one of formable and/or color-tunable, crystallizable glasses; formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; IXable, formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics; and/or IX, formed and/or color-tuned glass-ceramics.
1. A glass-ceramic comprising:
a. less than about 15 wt % of one or more crystalline oxide phases; and
b. a composition comprising on an oxide basis in mol %:
a. about 50-76 SiO 2 ;
b. about 4-25 Al 2 O 3 ;
c. greater than 0 to about 14P 2 O 5 +B 2 O 3 ;
d. greater than 0 to about 33 R 2 O, wherein R 2 O comprises one or more of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, Rb 2 O, Cs 2 O, Cu 2 O, and Ag 2 O; and
e. greater than 0 to about 5 of one or more nucleating agents; and
f. optionally, from 0 to about 20 RO, wherein RO comprises one or more of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and ZnO.
2. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , the composition further comprises on an oxide basis in mol % about 0-20 RO, and optionally:
a. about −4 to about 10 R 2 O+RO-Al 2 O 3 ; or
b. about −8 to about 8 R 2 O—Al 2 O 3 ; or
c. about −4 to about 10 R 2 O+RO-Al 2 O 3 and about −8 to about 8 R 2 O—Al 2 O 3 .
3. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic has a transmission of less than about 40% at least one wavelength, λ T , in an interval of wavelengths from about 390 nm-2500 nm through an about 0.8 mm thickness.
4. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic has an average value of Transmission over a λ interval from about 390 nm-2500 nm
[
T
avg
390
nm
2500
nm
(
%
)
=
1
(
2500
-
390
nm
)
∑
390
nm
2500
nm
T
λ
{
%
}
]
through an about 0.8 mm thickness of less than about 45%.
5. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic has a transmission of less than about 90% at least one wavelength, λ T , in an interval of wavelengths from about 390 nm-2500 nm through a glass portion of an about 0.8 mm thickness.
6. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic has an average value of Transmission over a λ interval from about 390 nm-2500 nm
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T
avg
390
nm
2500
nm
(
%
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=
1
(
2500
-
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∑
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nm
2500
nm
T
λ
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%
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]
through a glass portion of an about 0.8 mm thickness of less than about 90%.
7. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more crystalline oxide phases comprise crystallites having a size less that about 300 nm.
8. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic is ion exchangeable and comprises:
a. at least one surface under a compressive stress (σs) of at least about 200 MPa in a compressively stressed layer having a depth of layer (DOL) of at least about 20 μm; or
b. at least one compressively stressed layer having a DOL of 20 μm up to about 150 μm for a part thickness of from about 0.7 millimeter (mm) up to 5 mm comprising.
9. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , further comprising a color presented in CIELAB color space coordinates for CIE illuminant D65 determined from reflectance spectra measurements using a spectrophotometer with SCE of the following ranges:
i. a*=from about −2 to about +8;
ii. b*=from about −7 to about +30; and
iii. 1. L*=from about 85 to about 100, or
2. L*=from about 0 from about to about 70.
10. A glass-ceramic according to claim 8 , wherein the glass-ceramic is ion exchanged (IX), and wherein a Vickers median crack initiation threshold comprises at least 5 kilograms force (kgf).
11. A glass-ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein one or more nucleating agents comprises on an oxide basis in mol %:
a. up to about 5 TiO 2 ; or
b. alternatively, up to about 3 ZrO 2 ; or
c. TiO 2 and ZrO 2 , wherein TiO 2 +ZrO 2 comprises up to about 5 and ZrO 2 comprises up to about 3.