Chip-based device for parallel sorting, amplification, detection, and identification of nucleic acid subsequences

1. An apparatus for chip-based sorting and detection of a sample, consisting of:

a single planar substrate, said single planar substrate having a single planar surface that is divided into cells;

said cells arranged on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate in multiple rows and multiple columns wherein said multiple rows are parallel and wherein said multiple columns are parallel and wherein said multiple rows and said multiple columns intersect;

electrodes in said cells in said multiple rows and multiple columns on said single planar substrate;

a carrier fluid in a carrier fluid source wherein said carrier fluid is directed onto said single planar surface of said single planar substrate and wherein said carrier fluid washes all of said single planar surface of said single planar substrate,

a droplet generator connected to said carrier fluid source and said carrier fluid,

a sample source containing the sample connected to said droplet generator;

wherein said carrier fluid, said droplet generator, and the sample from said sample source produce micro-reactors containing the sample in said carrier fluid with said micro-reactors delivered onto said single planar surface of said single planar substrate;

a microprocessor connected to said electrodes in said cells for manipulating said micro-reactors on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate and directing said micro-reactors containing the sample in said carrier fluid into said cells in said multiple rows and multiple columns on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate using said electrodes, and

a detector positioned to interrogate the sample contained in said micro-reactors on said cells in said multiple rows and multiple columns on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate.

2. The apparatus for chip-based sorting-and detection of a sample of claim 1 wherein said multiple rows consists of at least ten rows and wherein said multiple columns consists of at least ten columns.

3. The apparatus for chip-based sorting-and detection of a sample of claim 1 wherein said multiple rows consists of ten rows and wherein said multiple columns consists of ten columns.

4. The apparatus for chip-based sorting and detection of a sample of claim 1 wherein said multiple rows consists of more than ten rows and wherein said multiple columns consists of more than ten columns.

5. The apparatus for chip-based sorting and detection of a sample of claim 1 wherein said multiple columns consists of a single column and wherein said micro-reactors are delivered into said single column and onto said single planar surface of said single planar substrate and into said multiple row and said multiple columns.

6. The apparatus for chip-based sorting and detection of a sample of claim 1 wherein said micro-reactors are delivered into said multiple columns and onto said single planar surface of said single planar substrate and into said multiple rows.

7. A method of chip-based sorting and detection of a sample, consisting of the steps of:

providing a single planar substrate having a single planar surface;

dividing said single planar surface of said single planar substrate into cells,

arranging said cells on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate in multiple rows and multiple columns;

positioning electrodes in said cells in said multiple rows and multiple columns on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate;

providing a carrier fluid in a carrier fluid source and directing said carrier fluid onto said single planar surface of said single planar substrate so that said carrier fluid washes all of said single planar surface of said single planar substrate,

providing a droplet generator connected to said carrier fluid source and said carrier fluid,

providing the sample in a sample source that is connected to said droplet generator wherein said carrier fluid, said droplet generator, and the sample are adapted to produce microreactors containing the sample;

using said droplet generator, said carrier fluid, said sample source, and the sample for producing said micro-reactors containing the sample and delivering said micro-reactors containing the sample to said cells in said multiple rows and multiple columns on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate;

connecting a microprocessor to said electrodes in said cells in said multiple rows and multiple columns on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate;

using said microprocessor for manipulating said micro-reactors in said cells in said multiple rows and multiple columns on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate, and

using a detector to interrogate the sample contained in said micro-reactors in said cells in said multiple rows and multiple columns on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate.

8. The method of chip-based sorting and detection of a sample of claim 7 wherein said step of arranging said cells on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate in multiple rows and multiple columns consists of arranging said cells on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate in at least ten rows and at least ten columns.

9. The method of chip-based sorting and detection of a sample of claim 7 wherein said step of arranging said cells on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate in multiple rows and multiple columns consists of arranging said cells on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate in ten rows and ten columns.

10. The method of chip-based sorting and detection of a sample of claim 7 wherein said step of arranging said cells on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate in multiple rows and multiple columns consists of arranging said cells on said single planar surface of said single planar substrate in more than ten rows and more than ten columns.